Explanation of Management Diversity

Introduction Taylor Cox defined managing diversity as â€Å"planning and implementing organizational systems and practices to manage people so that the potential advantages of diversity are maximized while its potential disadvantages are minimized† (Cox, 1993, p. 11).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Explanation of Management Diversity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The modern international firms have changed the approach to human resource management and the way in which the current employees management occurs. The increase in multinational firms also creates a diverse workforce in terms of ethnicity, race, age, gender, religion, and sexual orientations, among others. The idea of diversity in management in organisations originates in North America in the 1980s. Since then, researchers have developed dynamic work structures globally. It has also grown and gained popularity in the field of human resource m anagement due to dynamic social and economic circumstances. It has now become a part of any successful organisation in managing its workforce due to increasing competitiveness and realignment strategies organisations use to improve, and sustain their businesses performances and ever dynamic expectations of employees and society. These factors make organisations review issues which they have traditionally ignored in their practices. The current management challenge is that employees are no longer of the same race or gender, but rather a great combination of almost all races presents the modern structure of the labour market (Mathis and Jackson, 2011). Factors facilitating Diversity Management Corporations that tend to have workforces of diverse ethnicities, ages, and gender proportions must consider the methods of reconciling these diverse compositions of their workforces with minimal interruptions of their daily operations. Thus, management of workforce diversity is an essential par t of protecting organisational performance and possible legal tangles from the employees that feel dissatisfied due to issues of harassment and discrimination regarding their diverse characteristics in the organisation.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the 21st century, the composition of the labour market becomes more diverse with regard to sexual orientations, gender, race, ethnicity, and religion beliefs, among others. The demand for human labour is always on the rise globally due to an increasing number of global corporations. Though many women occupy managerial positions today, any single gender or race cannot meet labour force requirements. Thus, in a multinational organisation, workforce is likely to consist of people of different races and genders (Fernandez, 1991). Labour patterns’ demands are also influenced by the aging processes of the population. Chang es in demographic structures must present both opportunities and challenges to employers. Organisations will experience skills shortage, reduced incomes for old persons, increased life and health expectancies, and continued economic growth. Changes in demographic factors must also affect the labour market. This means that the traditional approach to workforce management may not be successful. Thus, employers have made changes in terms of recruitment, retention, rewards, and motivation, among the other factors. Likewise, they must address areas of organisational turnover rates and cultural change so as to include every employee. This implies that a traditional and fixed approach to managing today’s workforce may not succeed. Studies have identified the increased international movement of people which is also a factor that has resulted in workforce diversity and skills shortage in organisation. These movements have led to shortages of qualified workforce in other places. In the 1990s, the idea of equal opportunities’ policies took a central role in the developed nations of the world. This aimed at meeting the increasing changes in the competitive market environment for an organisation to survive. Critics also observed that uniformity in the workforce was on the decline. Thus, organisations had to develop management policies to cater for the diverse changes in the human resources.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Explanation of Management Diversity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was a move to retain experienced and skilled workers from different backgrounds so as to protect the company’s competitiveness in the labour market. Equal opportunity and diversity Regarding the current changing workforce compositions, the company has adopted the concept of equal opportunity in order manage its diverse workforce. Organisations focus on the business areas, such as compensati on, hiring, transfers, promotions, and terminations, with regard to its human resource management. For instance, in IBM, recreational or sponsored activities occur without any form of discrimination based on â€Å"race, colour, genetics, religion, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, national origin, disability, age or status as a special disabled veteran or other veteran covered by the Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Act of 1974, as amended† (IBM, n.d., par. 1). Organisations have ensured that these activities, their organisational structure and administration with regard to employees’ benefit plans are in line with the provision of local, state, and federal requirements. Organisations also insist on valuing and respecting difference among its workforce and business partners. In this context, most firms expect managers to ensure that their work environments have no any form harassment or discrimination. Organisations have introduced affirmative action and equal opportunity for all current and potential employees. The firms do this through conducting special programmes solely for minorities, women, people with disabilities, mainly, war veterans. The HR policies ensure equal chances for career growth and compensations. Firms consider effective management of their workforce using diversity policies as strategic business objectives. This is what most companies expect every senior executive to promote.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Importance of diversity Morrison identified that diversity in an organisation enhanced market share as well as customer relations, mainly in minority-culture masses (1992). This explains why customers prefer to make purchases on their own or from firms that have different workforce. This idea also reflects the fact that firms, which have diverse workforces, are sensitive to different needs of customers. Consequently, they handle customers’ complaints in a sensitive manner, thus resulting in satisfaction of the clients. This causes the customer retention as Bhadury notes. Thus, IBM is a good example in management of diversity in a global organisation (Bhadury, Mighty and Damar, 2000). Thomas found out that effective management of diversity at IBM resulted in increased revenues. The company managed to achieve this through partnering with vendors and resellers from the diverse backgrounds (Thomas, 2004). Diversity management in the workforce also enhances organisational performa nce and quality in terms of improving creativity, skills, flexibility, conflict management and problem-solving skills. Scholars have tried to understand how managing diversity in organisation results in improved performance, teamwork, conflict resolution, and problem-solving skills. However, their findings suggest mixed outcomes because of different environment and circumstances of the study. Morrison suggested that diversity management was responsible for increased job satisfaction, performance, commitment of employees, and productivity level. On the other hand, Fernandez observed that diversity management resulted in adaptable workforces in a changing demographic environment. This is responsible for the provision of competitive edge in the labour market (Fernandez, 1991). Diversity management also changed the sphere of trade unions movements and anti-discrimination policies as several authors indicated in Britain. Studies by McEnrue established that organisations, which had effect ive diversity management policies, had decreased cases of both individual and organisational level conflicts (McEnrue, 1993). This is because managers acquired the necessary skills of managing workforces of diverse backgrounds. Further studies indicated that teams with diverse management performed better than those of uniform compositions. Diverse members have diverse skills in various areas, such as decision-making and conflict resolution, which any organisation needs for a successful performance. Cox supported this idea in his additional works based on studies on individual innovation and creativity, which analyze problem-solving skills due to different perspectives each team member acquired (Cox, 1993). The concept of diversity in management made other scholars look at its effects in terms of different cultures using the basis interactions processes. A number of researchers have based their works on cultural diversity in relation to national and ethnic differences among diverse w orkforces in organisations. These studies show that in-group differences resulted in negative consequences on performance of new groups. Thus, performances improve better in culturally diverse groups than in homogenous cultural groups. Culturally diverse groups rely on abilities, and skills of different team members in handling issues. This observation indicates that organisations should have teams that consist of workforces from different backgrounds. If an organisation wants to realise the benefits of managing diversity, such organisations must put in place sufficient solutions to challenges facing the organisation. Organisation must take into consideration factors, such as different cultural patterns, external relations, objectives and strategies of the firm, to ultimately realize positive impacts of diversity management at the workplace. However, the challenge is that most organisations fail to carry out a thorough analysis of the above factors as most studies tend to concentrat e on individual, inter-personal and group factors. Furthermore, there are scarce studies based on studying different aspects and impacts of diversity on organisations. Workforce Diversity There has been a major shift in ethnic and race workforce in the US. These changes have affected multinational corporations around the globe. The US Census Bureau stated that by the year 2050, minority groups in the US would be over 50 percent of the total population. The growth will mainly affect Hispanic population at about 39 percent. This Hispanic minority will exceed the African Americans, and Asian population will raise to approximately 9 percent by 2050, which means a triple growth. The above figures show that HR management must prepare to handle ethnic and racial differences that become commonplace in a workplace environment, in order to meet the organisational efforts in achieving business targets. For instance, organisations have to deal with the issue of racial tensions between workers o f different ethnic groups. The companies introduced policies that provided for equal opportunities in participation in all social corporate-sponsored events. HR programmes must ensure training in multiracial workforce so as to reduce negative aspects of ethnic and racial differences. Training in diversity and other programmes should ensure that different workers of different races and ethnicity interact openly and frequently and work effectively in enhancing company’s growth. These are the positive consequences of having different racial and ethnic employees. It also shows why an organisation must strive to ensure that its workforce is a team which has a set target to achieve. Interaction of different employees helps most firms in conflict resolution. This is how companies are managing their diverse work groups consisting of Europeans, Asians, and African Americans, and Hispanics, among other minority groups. The issue of immigrant workers must be also managed in most workpla ces. Developed nations have experienced influxes in the number of illegal immigrants seeking for employment opportunities. At the same time, there are also cases of illegal immigrants who organisations must take into account when formulating workforce diversity policies. Issues dealing with illegal immigrants have resulted in political, employment-related, and social debates. This is mainly because some multinationals exploit cheap labour of illegal immigrants instead of hiring the country’s jobless populations. Industry observers believe that the number of illegal immigrants of diverse ethnic and racial origins will increase. This will lead to changes in immigrants’ laws. Consequently, the HR departments must also observe the changing trends and adjust their policies to agree with those of the company and industry. Studies have attempted to show the expectations of workforce including the generation and age groups’ differences. These are the diversities which e mployers must manage for their survival as they present both challenges and opportunities under the current prevailing social, economic, technological, and globalisation in the workplaces. These changes include mature, baby boomers, generation x, and generation y. Changes in the economy and industries and the aging workforce have presented issues of concern to employers. Hard economic times have seen aged work group delaying their retirements, taking part-time jobs, or phasing retirement. They exceed the normal retirement age of 65.13 years in the US. The baby boomers are approaching retirement age, and many of them will leave knowledge and experience gaps in their organisations after their leaving. The generational differences among the workforce are likely to present challenges and conflicts in organisations (Mathis and Jackson, 2011). For instance, in most organisations, most baby boomers have matured with the firms and have a lot of experience, thus their main concerns are job s ecurity. On the other hand, generation Y expects early rewards, asks questions and always protests against why seniors act the way they do and make certain decisions. They also prefer using technology. Such conflicts are likely to result in cases of management where one generation with diverse characteristics is under control of another generation. HR policies must harmonise these differences and ensure that the organisation works well. Mature workers offer the advantages of experiences which can only be gained through the work, whereas the new generations are normally technological savvy and provide useful IT knowledge to the organisation. HR manager and other managers should identify any possible opportunities and challenges that may occur due to the differences in the workforce because of multigenerational aspects in an organisation. Firms embark on activities for promoting effectiveness management and multigenerational engagement in the workforce. For instance, many organisation s have established their management of multigenerational through training and putting individuals of different generations to work in teams. Thus, teamwork and training are effective ways of reducing multigenerational tensions in an organisation. The number of working women is increasing in most multinational organisations. In the US, women workforce accounts for 46 percent of the total workforce. However, men still work more hours than their female counterparts. Economic changes in the labour market have created many opportunities for the female workers in the areas, which have been traditionally male dominated. However, the areas like agriculture, manufacturing, and industries are still under control of men. These are the spheres, which suffer severe economic challenges. On the other hand, women have dominated areas which are health care, accommodation and education, among others (Mathis and Jackson, 2011). There are gender-related issues that happen across all organisations. Most organisations have underpaid women because of their work hours and nature of their duties. Women have also occupied less number of senior management positions in most organisations than men do. However, the trend has changed significantly in the last decade as many females have obtained management positions. Differences in payment could be due to family responsibilities women have. Studies show that female workers would take pay cuts so as to spend more time with their families. Still, both the genders have challenges of caring for old family members; baby boomers start encountering health issues, disabilities and other health related conditions. Thus, the HR policies must focus on addressing the issue of work and family life balance. Managing diversity in an organisation Works by Hayes indicated that organisations could succeed at achieving effective management in diversity if the top executives had commitment and fully supported the initiative. Most successful outcomes of managin g diversity usually have their roots from recruitment, hiring, placement, and retention of the best workforce in an organisation. This shows that firms, which have strategies of managing their workforce diversities, must create a working environment that enhances satisfaction, commitment, and motivation of different people (Hayes, 1999). Any attempt at managing diversity at workplaces must establish clear objectives, effective communication channels and assessment criteria. These objectives should reflect the company’s aims and workforce compositions. The organisation should identify both undesirable and desirable workforce issues that influence diversity. Meanwhile, the organisation should take into account its human resources and culture that exist in order to create effective diversity management policies and practices. Organisations should focus on training and other policies programmes in order to handle cases of diversity. Management can also identify how different fact ors affect different workers of diverse background. This is particularly necessary where power relations could be the main cause of diversity conflicts. Another crucial element in diversity management is the issue of intercultural communication. Training in intercultural communication can enhance effective communication among employees of different cultural background. Thus, an organisation can avoid miscommunication and conflicts that result from communication challenges. Multigenerational workforce should have an appropriate mentoring policy that aims at assisting newly employed or different generation. Mentoring programme should focus on the organisational culture, and create conditions where employees can emulate the best practices in managing diversity and why diversity is necessary in today’s firms. Managing workforce diversity should also focus on assessment of an individual’s beliefs about self, work values, opinions of others’ cultures, and leadership a pproaches from a multicultural perspective. The fundamental idea is to identify the role of ethnocentrism among the workforce and how an individual can manage it. This will result into reduced cases of conflicts in the organisation. Effective management of diversity in a workplace also requires necessary support systems, and avoidance of discrimination. Instead, the management should focus on enhancing inclusion among different employees. Organisation can create both formal and informal settings where employees of different background can easily interact and build their networks. However, language barriers should not hinder such initiatives. Bagshaw noted that most workers at all levels misunderstood the concept of diversity, and why training programmes were necessary in it. On this basis, organisation must first explain why such programmes are necessary and what the organisation aims at achieving using them. Thus, diversity presentation should be clear and show changing issues and why continuous management and training are necessary (Bagshaw, 2004). Effective diversity management must cut across all management levels and subordinates. This aims at creating an open strategy where employees may show their experiences within the organisation. Issues of main concerns should be the basis on which diversity management focuses on, so as to bring a behaviour change necessary for managing diversity. Conclusion Organisational approach to managing diversity depends on how its senior executives understand its advantages and disadvantages. Workforce diversity has become mandatory for the survival of any organisation today. Thus, top executives have to take the initiative and study the compositions of their workers and recommended appropriate changes to enhance a creation of functional diversity environment. Diversity results in opportunities for both the internal and external competitiveness. Conflicts in organisations due to issues of diversity demonstrate that most orga nisations have no appropriate mechanism of managing workforce diversity. Thus, firms should look for the ways they can manage and exploit diversity in human resource. An approach gives a firm diverse workforce which will determine the outcome of the process. This is also crucial for enhancing useful workforce diversity management practices. Multinational corporations must also consider different cultures, legislation, and orientations and align them in their global business strategies in order to demonstrate the uniqueness of employees and customers. Reference List Bagshaw, M 2004, ‘Is diversity divisive?’, Journal of industrial and commercial training, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 153-157. Bhadury, J, Mighty, J and Damar, H 2000, ‘Maximising workforce diversity in project teams: a network flow approach’, Omega: The International Journal of Management Science, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 143–153. Cox, T 1993, Cultural diversity in organisations: theory, research and practice, Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco, CA. Fernandez, P 1991, Managing a diverse work force: regaining the competitive edge, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA. Hayes, E 1999, ‘Winning at diversity’, Executive Excellence, vol. 3, no. 2, pp 3-6. IBM n.d., Equal opportunity – IBM Workforce Diversity Policy, https://www.ibm.com/us-en/. Mathis, L and Jackson, H 2011, Human Resource Management, 13th ed, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. McEnrue, P 1993, ‘Managing diversity: Los Angeles before and after the riots’, Organizational Dynamics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 18–29. Morrison P 1992, The new leader: guidelines on leadership diversity in America, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA. Thomas, D 2004, ‘Diversity as strategy’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 98–108. This report on Explanation of Management Diversity was written and submitted by user Charley Parker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Irony in Act 1 Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

Irony in Act 1 Romeo and Juliet Essay Example Irony in Act 1 Romeo and Juliet Paper Irony in Act 1 Romeo and Juliet Paper 1. Act 1 Scene 2 Line 39 The ironic event is between Capulet and the Serving man. Capulet gives the Serving man a list of names of people that are invited to his party. Capulet instructs the Serving man to tell the people on the list to come to his party. The irony is that Capulet doesn’t know that the Serving man is illiterate. The Serving man can’t read, so he can’t tell anyone on the list about the party. This ironic event actually leads to another ironic event. 2. Act 1 Scene 2 Line 61 After the one previously mentioned: The Serving man doesn’t know what to do.He has to give the list to someone who can read and have him or her read it to him. That is when Romeo and Benvolio stroll in. In desperate need of help, the Serving man gives them the list. The irony is that Romeo is a Montague, an enemy of the Capulets. This event also helps to progress the story. Romeo finds out that Rosaline, his one true love is going to attend that party. So he decides to c rash the party in order to meet her. Irony is being used as a way to progress the story. 3.Act 1 Scene 5 Line 48 (falls in love w/Juliet here) Romeo is in love with Rosaline at the opening of the story. He sees Juliet at a party and falls in love with her. Benvolio is unaware of this. An example of dramatic irony. 4. Act 1 Scene 5 Line 51 In this scene, Romeo falls in love with Juliet when he first sees her. The irony is that he came her to see his â€Å"true love† Rosaline, yet he fell in love with another girl. Also, Romeo says many times that Rosaline would be his only love, yet on line 60, he complete disregards his love for Rosaline.He says,† For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night. † He’s saying that he has not seen true beauty before, until he saw Juliet. This is also an important event because this is where Romeo and Juliet’s relationship starts. 5. Act 1 Scene 5 Line 148 Go ask his name: if he be married. My grave is like to be my wedding bed. This is said by Juliet to the nurse in regard to Romeo after first meeting him. She is stating that if he is married or unavailable to her, than she would just die in anguish because she has fallen completely and utterly in love with him.This is ironic because although she does not know it, Juliet will die if she DOES marry him. The audience are aware of this because the prologue states that they will both die- we have an insight into the ending of the play. This increases the irony and also touches on the idea of fate which plays a huge part in the play and in Elizabethan times. We know what is to happen, we can do nothing to change that. This creates numerous opportunities for dramatic irony as shown throughout the play.

Critical Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Appraisal - Essay Example This is attributed to how knowledge and attitude of oncologists had an effect on fertility preservation in cancer treatment. This forms a foundation of the research question used in the study. In addition, the age and sex of the physicians were incorporated as independent variables to evaluate if they affected the oncologists’ knowledge and attitude towards fertility preservation. This would identify the need for further education among oncologists about fertility preservation. The analysis of this study and reveals that it tests a prior hypothesis made before the commencement of measurement phase. That is, there is a general conclusion and predictions about cancer and the oncologists current know how, attitude, perception, practices and barriers in relation to the preservation of fertility among the child bearing age populace in the UK. This course satisfies its design as confirmatory with oncologists perception of fertility as a women issue as another extraneous variable. This was however well controlled by re-accounting the study thesis. The study’s design was influenced by the pilot findings (Adams, et al., 2013). The pilot entailed an online survey of a few doctors via MedeConnect Company. The main adjustment done in the final study is increment of the allocated finance due to the pilots’ insight that the prior allocated one would not last the project to completion. The inclusion/exclusion or eligibility criterion for the study was that the oncologist doctors had to be registered members of the GMC doctor’s corporation and had the link of MedeConnect Company. The method used is probability sampling and mainly cluster sampling. The survey had to be carried out through UK in eternity that was the study’s sampling frame. Due to insufficient resources, only a few online oncologists had been chosen (Adams, et al., 2013). The sample size was 100 online oncologists. The

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management - Essay Example Like most economies, the UK practices a system where most critical social services are provided by the government (Engineers, 2008). Education and healthcare sectors are some of the areas where the government plays very imperative roles. However, with a growing budget deficit that continues to raise concerns, austerity measures become inevitable. The United Kingdom, with its expanding public sector coupled with a growing population, has been forced to borrow severally to finance its budget deficits. Such continued borrowing may have long-term impacts on the economy considering that the debts have to be repaid. In such a case, the austerity measures advocated for by most policy advisors become necessary. It certainly becomes a plus to the many private firms across the country as new opportunities will emerge in product and service delivery. However, in light of the recent street protests against the proposals to cut government spending, several considerations emerge. Several hospitals in the UK are already bogged down by numbers courtesy of the cuts that greatly impact on the quality of social services. The education system in the country has for several years been one of the best in the world (Al-Mazrouei, 2001). This attribute emerges out of the great support that the government allocates to the basic services like education, water and healthcare. It therefore becomes imperative that several considerations be made before any major government spending is practicated. In most cases, increased taxes are normally dreaded by the public. Nevertheless, a government that effectively uses the tax money on proper policies that impact positively on the masses certainly faces little antipathy towards its social reform policies. The UK’s situation in indeed one of the most notable cases in the entire world. It demands greater government intervention which can only be attained through proper spending policies. In its bid to exercise its mandate in the establishment o f the lending base rate that guides the interest rates in England, the Bank of England’s monetary policy Committee faces myriad challenges in its approach to the whole issue (Tennant, 2009). The essence of setting the base rate is basically to ensure price stability in the country and to limit variations in the various interest rates across the country. In light of the emerging economic challenges that continue to bedevil the world, it is inevitable that economic priorities too need to change with a view of addressing the whole issue. Currently, the Committee’s main focus is keeping the interest rates at the basement levels with a view of economic expansion. In the recent years, it is indeed true that an inflation overshot has characterized the UK economy as the Banks pretence that the situation will return to normalcy in two years only help to escalate the tensions that emerge in policy circles. However, in view of this challenge, the basic challenge that confronts th e Bank of England needs to be understood. The excess price and output volatilities are issues that must be addressed in tandem with the inflationary extremities (Giuseppi, 2008). The high inflation rates in the country have greatly influenced the performance of many firms. As the borrowing rates become unbearable, most commercial firms are reconsidering their

Factors That Affect Travel And Tourism Tourism Essay

Factors That Affect Travel And Tourism Tourism Essay Hospitality is the relationship between guest and host, or the act or practice of being hospitable. Specifically, this includes the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers, resorts, membership clubs, conventions, attractions, special events, and other services for travelers and tourists. Hotel, motels, inns, or such businesses that provides transitional or short-term lodging, with or without food. The hospitality industry consists of broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, restaurants, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the tourism industry.Hospitality also means providing services and welcoming strangers without expecting anything in return. Here if you see and redefine the words Hospital and Hospitality it will give you the same answer. In Hospital a Doctor takes care of a Stranger who comes to him without knowing  who is in front of him with his physical problem and expe cts that he will be taken care properly without any doubt. The patient expects that the right type of treatment is given from the time he comes to the Hospital till he is discharged. Same is with Hospitality. When a strangers walks in who is your Guest he expects a proper welcome with a smile and he is taken care with Proper accommodation, Food and Beverage till he checks out. The stay must be memorable and he should feel fit and fine with the services provided. Question 1 1.1Define the term Hospitality Industry and give examples, advantages, and disadvantages of their use in the hospitality industry? The hospitality industry is a huge and famous industry in this world, and there are multiple areas in this industry. This industry is specialized by training. This gigantic sector includes tourism and tour, traditional hospitality industry such as resorts and hotels, motel and a range of other hospitality services. ( Johnston, 2010). Because of this industry is famous so there is several advantages in this industry. But if we look deep through this industry also got some disadvantages also. The advantage of hospitality industry is that, they afford to provide the full service to their customers. For example, many hotels or resorts are around-the-clock, provide 24-hour operations and staffs are required to work varied shifts and extended hours for their customer satisfaction. Its means they provide the services for their clients all the time. Without bothering the time of the clients ask for the service. For example if any of the clients need foods or any other service at midnight means they can provide all the service to them without any further adore. Besides that, this industry also provides other services such as tour and tourism beside provide only the accommodation service. Mostly the resort department will provide this as their service. It is because mostly the resorts will located at beach site waterfall site. So the people those who are go there can enjoy the beach site by staying there for 2 days or more than 2 days. In this situation, the industry helps their client to enjoy the nature by staying at beach site. The resorts also sometimes will build at jungle site. Those who is interest for stay in jungle for get any deferent experience they can go there and stay there and at the same time can enjoy the jungle life. The hospitality industry is famous for accommodation sector. They provide this sector with multiple categories. For example five star hotel, four star hotels, and three star hotels and so on. So those who are afford to pay the high fee they will choose their standard level hotel such as five star or four star hotels and those who are not afford to pay more fees only for the accommodations for a short period time will choose the lower level hotels. So its shows that this industry provide hotels for all the people according to their living standard. Then glamour myth also a advantage of the hospitality industry. Is means the hotel industry offers you the chance to meet rich, famous and interesting people. So we can meet them at the place where go for rest but at the same time it brings benefit to us. Can get meet any famous person or any important person who are in the same carrier with us. For example, if Im a business person I can get to meet any other business person who is carry on the same business with me, so I can develop my business very well and famous. At the same time they can include scientists attending in-house conferences, foreign tourists, local business people and ordinary everyday citizens. Although you might be able to tell your friends that Hollywoods hottest stars are staying in your hotel, youll probably have to stretch the truth a little to say that you actually talked with them. Celebrities might chat with you like an old friend, out of politeness, only when ordering room service, or not at all. Some may be jovial and even invite you for a drink, while others will treat you with the cool and fun. Furthermore the hospitality industry provides the standard living for their client. They provide services with the standard level such as the rooms that they provide the foods that they provide. They provide the rooms with full furniture and all the equipment. So the client will happily can enjoy all the service of them. So they will satisfy with their service and may be the loyal to the particular hospitality industry. With the advantages of hotel Industry come the disadvantages too. The disadvantage of this industry is long and odd hours. This means that if the client or customer of that particular hotel doesnt like early starts or late finishes, then the hotel industry may not be help them. They may make late to help the client purposely. Besides that, pressure, high standards and deadlines also a disadvantages of the hospitality industry. Working for demanding clients and management is not the downside of working in hotels for it is what the industry is all about but you may find that the pressure of guest and management expectations are more stressful than you ever imagined. Pressure and deadlines are intrinsic elements of the industry and the best hotel workers thrive on conquering the challenges and obstacles placed in the way of personal and company objectives. Culture problem also consider as a disadvantage of this industry. Most of the hospitality industry provides their service with the western style but it not suitable for all the clients of them. For example we can take the Malay religion, they cannot eat all the food especially pork at all and they can eat only halal food so they face some problems. Then also must prepare with at least a special hall for their praying. Because Malays must at the correct time and must carry on the prayer at the special venue which is called as surau if there dont have mosque. So some of the hotel or hospitality management sometimes never provides or forget to prepare all this things to them. Besides Malays, in our country the Indian are sometimes will carry on the vegetarian. So the hotels must prepare the vegetarian foods for them. But they never provide this sometimes. So the clients need to go out site of the hotel for find the foods for them. This shows that the hospitality industry never give important for their clients. As the conclusion, the hospitality industry provides the good service for their client with their variety service. But still this industry needs to improve their service to archive the target of their industry. if they improve all this the customers will get happy and will enjoy with service. Question 2 2.1: Find out the factors that affecting travel and tourism. Explain in detail? Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outsides their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. The word staying suggests that tourists stay at least one night. However must acknowledge that day visitors make a huge contribution to the tourist industry and some regions and organizations choose to include day visitors in statistics. It is acknowledged by the World Tourism Organization that tourism is the fastest growing economic sector, bringing foreign exchange earnings to countries and creating jobs. Jobs are not only created directly in tourism but in related industries, for example in construction. Much tourism development occurs in developing countries, bringing economic opportunities local communities. There are several factors that affecting travel and tourism industry which influence the industry. The first factors that affect this industry are technological factor. Nowadays the technology develops very well. So also develop in travel and tourism. The growth of e-commerce and new transportation affect the travel and tourism industry. Nowadays the travel system develops well for example the buses that use nowadays is full of air-condition service, with video and audio system. Travel and tourism has always been an industry that has made extensive use of new technology equipment. Central reservation system (CRS), the use of computers in travel agencies and sophisticated databases for marketing purposes are now ordinary. Increase in competition within the industry will force organizations to use new technology to the full. New developments in transportation make extensive use of new technology, for example the Channel Tunnel, the advances in aircraft design and opening up new long-hall destinations. Then more develop bus is super VIP bus. This is consisting of all the service to t he passengers. So the passengers can enjoy the traveling period. Furthermore, another factor is, the technology develops until the passengers or the customers can get the information of the travel and tourism industry in internet. The particular agency will update all the information in web so the customers can check easily all the information about their tour and can easily contact to the particular agency. This makes the agency famous among the people because all over the world can access their information and can consider to the particular agency. At the same time also help the customers to get all their information in detail and faster too. Cultural and environmental factors also affect the travel and tourism industry. In the 1980s saw the emergence in Britain of a greater environmental awareness and a society that was beginning to take its health and fitness seriously. These factors are likely to remain important influences on travel and tourism developments in the future with so-called green issues high on the agenda. The political aspect also affects this industry. The security concerns over travel have had a serious impact on the travel and tourism industry. Which are leading to increased business failures in certain situation if the government never invent in this industry. The government must provides all the services to help the industry such as prepare a good road for travel and railway tracks for the rails travel so the travel and tourism industry can easily can safely travel. Then the choice of destination also affects this industry. Most of the customer likes to travel for a famous and enjoyable place. So they must bring out the travel and tourism to a famous popular place, which got a high demand among the people. Then choose of place should be according to the age group. If want to carry on a travel and tourism, must be a place where got a lots of fun and entertainment but if want to carry on for veterans means place should be suitable for them. So they can enjoy the travel with fullest and the affect also will be the positive type. Other than age group category there got other group category also, such as leisure customers, business customers, independent travelers, package holidaymakers. So the travel and tourism must be carrying on according to deferent types customers. Besides that, the rule and regulation also will affect the travel and tourism industry. The travel thats going to carry should be following the all the rules and regulations that the government stated and the particular place stated. So it will never affect the customers of them. For example, if the tourism place stated that cannot brings camera or video inside means they should tell earlier to their customer so they may follow the rules and will not affect the agency also. If not the agency may affected because did not follow the rules and regulation. While the customers also wont respect to the agency. At the end the customers wont support for the particular industry. The travel and tourism that going to carry on also should be suitable for the season. Because the customers are always like to travel to different destination in a different season. So should carry on the correct travel and tourism event at the correct season. If not it will affect alt the industry. The customer may not will support the agency because they are not giving what they want and they wont satisfy with them at all. At last the food and beverage also will affect the industry, even is not a big issue and important in a travel and tourism industry. The foods that they provide to the customers should be good foods which is not expired or spoiled. If not the customer may get anger with their service and will get disappointment with their service. So if a travel and tourism industry wants to be success means, they should consider all the element of the travel and tourism. And must prepare earlier for everything with full of good service for their customers satisfaction. Conclusion http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSbpXEn1MNc3WlR1eNL_Y7lEYmix5zdVH5pPapH0B3n3gHJT1lhAs the conclusion, we have learnt about the meaning of hospitality and the stages of hospitality industry development from traditional to advanced stage and learnt that hospitality management means how to cater for people in a friendly and cheerful manner to enable the guest appreciate in services. Besides that, we have learnt about the meaning and the importance of housekeeping Department in hotel, motel, guest how we have learn about the interdepartmental co-operations among various departments of the hotel and the importance of hotel industry in our society. Furthermore, we also learnt the meaning and types of non-commercial hospitality management and the type of organization that is available. Lastly we have learnt and understood the meaning of the layout in hospitality industry and the necessary and important factors to consider when plan to establish this industry. Bibliography Website address Anon., 2011. Hospitality industry Profs from the American. [Online] Available at: [Accessed on 25 February 2011] Fareeha.,nd. Disadvantage of hotel industry.[Online] Available at: [Accessed on 17 February 2011] Johnston, A., 2010. Definition of hospitality industry. [Online] Available at: [Accessed on 13 March 2011] Anon.,nd. The travel and tourism industry.[Online] Available at: [Accessed on 15 March 2011 Shlotta., 2009. Factors affecting travel and tourism industry. [Online] Available at: [Accessed on 25 February 2011]

Lost, Alone but Free At Last

‘Run, get into the house, QUICK!' Hans Wenger shouted out to his family. They were being chased by the German Authorities. Not because they were criminals, but because they were Jews living in Nazi Germany, 1940. They had been hiding from the authorities for almost a year. Hans' family consisted of his wife Anneliese and their three children Leila, 11, Leopold, 9 and Greta, 8, they meant everything to Hans and he would sacrifice his own life to keep them safe. Once the family were safe inside the basement of the old abandoned house Hans sat on the edge of an ancient, mouldy sofa. Greta jumped up onto his knee with an innocent smile on her face. Just the way Hans liked it, his children not knowing how unsafe they were. ‘Daddy, why were those people trying to catch us? Are we in trouble? We always run away from them! Daddy, why?' Hans' face fell, Greta knew something was wrong. It was what he feared the most, and he knew he had to explain somehow. ‘Liebliag, you do know who Hitler is, yes?' Hans looked at Greta, who was shaking her head, her little blonde curls bouncing, ‘well Greta, he is the leader of Germany, which means he gets to decide everything that happens in the country. But, Hitler doesn't like Jews and he wants to make them all move to certain areas and work for him.' Hans dreaded his little girls reply, his heart thumping he waited while watching her mind at work and her little face screwed up in thought. ‘Daddy, can't we stop being Jewish because then we will be safe from Hitler and we wouldn't have to work for him' Greta's face lit up as she said it, as though she had just discovered electricity. Hans felt his tears well up as he watched his daughter, oblivious to life and danger. After the children were all tucked up safely in bed, asleep with the faint sound of snoring, Hans and Anneliese looked on lovingly from the corner of the basement. ‘I would never be able to forgive myself if our children ended up being sent to a death camp, there would be no chance of us surviving as a family, and I've been thinking, and it pains me to say this, but we need to send them away to another country. They're not safe here, and I cannot rest until I know that they are forever free from this danger.' Hans was once again welling up, after saying it aloud, it seemed real as if he was going to lose his children, a thought too painful for him to even think about. ‘Liebliag, I think you're right, they aren't safe and they don't deserve to be put through the torture of a death camp, they aren't physically or emotionally strong enough, I think we should send them to England, it will be hard, but for the best.' Anneliese by now was also fighting back the tears. Sat on the cold, hard floor arm in arm, rocking to and thro, both crying at the thought of the most painful goodbyes waiting for them in the future. The next morning, Hans and Anneliese told their children the news. His heart pounding against his chest, Hans prepared to break the silence, his children's excited faces looking towards him. ‘Dad can we attend school again?' Leila's eyes glistening with hope that she was right and could be reunited with her education and friends. ‘Can we go to the shops on our own? There's a new chocolate bar that I really want to try. The sweet shop down the road is selling them!' Leopold asked excitement in his voice, as he was thinking about chocolate and outings to the sweet shop when he behaves well in school. ‘Are we going to be sent to a special part of Germany for the Jews, Daddy? I don't want to work for Hitler!' Eyes full to the brim with fear, Greta looked scared and vulnerable. She may have been the youngest, but she was definitely the most observant to her parents upset faces. Once again, Hans and Anneliese were sat arm in arm at the corner of the basement, looking at their children's content faces, wondering what amazing dreams they were having about going on holiday for the first time. They were all excited when Hans broke the news, Anneliese sobbing next to him. They'd given up the fight to stay away from them. But it wasn't good enough. They got caught. Now Anneliese and Hans were saying there last goodbyes to each other. Heartbreakingly painful, but it didn't matter. There hearts had already been shattered beyond repair, when they had to say goodbye to there children Leila, Leopold and Greta. Hans and Anneliese were about to board different cattle trains and when they got off, they knew that everything was going to change, and nothing would be the same. Death camps. Even the thought sent shivers up they're spines. They knew that they would never see each other again, which made it harder. But they got separated and pushed away from each other before they even had the chance to say goodbye. ‘This is it' thought Anneliese, ‘I'll just fight for survival, my children will see me again, they're who matter. They deserve to be reunited with at least one parent, but Hans is a fighter he'll fight for survival too.' After a year at Ravensbrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ck Concentration Camp for Women, Anneliese's strength had been replaced with weakness. She was now a shy women too scared to talk to anybody after her one and only friend at the camp Klara, died, she was crushed by machinery, as it happened the guards would let no one try and help. Anneliese had to do heavy labour work, from the break of dawn until the sunset at dusk. She got little sleep and ate just about nothing. All Anneliese could think about, no matter how hard she was working, was her children. So many questions were going through her mind. Had they all made the journey to Newquay, Cornwall by themselves? Was Greta still observant to everything around her? Was Leila being educated again? Was Leopold looking after his sisters? Had they learnt English? She thought about how grown up her children would look now, the girls beautiful and her little man handsome, like his father. But every time they were pictured in her head, she fought that little bit more, edging closer and closer to survival and freedom. Four painful years later, Anneliese won her battle. She had survived and she was going to go back to her house. When she got there, she wished she hadn't. She was expecting there to be a few belongings in the basement she'd lived in with her family for so long. But nothing. The walls were now jet black, ash on the floor and just a few remnants of what had been there before. It was obvious that someone had set fire to the basement, most definitely the German Authorities, they knew Jews lived here. Anneliese was determined than ever to find her children in England. In England, Leila was sat indoors about to blow out the candles on the cake, it was her 16th birthday. There was no need for her to think of her wish. It had been the same wish for five years now and it wasn't going to change until it came true. ‘I wish I could see my parents again'. There, she'd wished it once again. But Leila Wenger knew that if she wished hard enough then it would come true. After Leila had unwrapped her presents, she ran upstairs. She was able to read the letter that her mother had written before they left Germany. Leila – Open on your 16th birthday and not a day before Liebliag, this is the hardest letter I have ever had to write, but it's to explain why you haven't had me and your father in your life for so long. We have sent you to England because it was the only place that you would be truly safe. After you leave the country, your father and I will be sent to a concentration camp. This is because of our religion and Hitler the leader doesn't think that Jews are worthy of living. Of course, we are, so never doubt your religion. I don't know if we will ever see each other again, so I have enclosed photos, one of the whole family, one of you, Leopold and Greta and one of your father and I. Never forget us, because we will always be with you. Happy Birthday Liebliag! Ich liebe dich, dein Mutti After Leila had finished the letter she collapsed onto her bed in tears. She now knew that her wish would never come true, her parents were dead and she was the one that had to tell her little sister. How could she tell a 13 year old that her parents were dead? This wasn't going to be easy, she had to be subtle. This was definitely the worst birthday Leila had ever had and she wasn't happy about it. After an hour of crying into her pillow, Leila went downstairs as if everything was normal. ‘Victoria, please may I go out for a walk?' Leila asked Victoria, the kind woman that took Leila and Greta in, and cared for them as if they were her own flesh and blood. ‘Yes of course Leila, but be sure to be back within an hour' Victoria never liked Leila or Greta being outside for more than an hour at a time, there were still people that hated Germans and anything could happen out there. Leila went to the park and sat on the swings, just gathering up her thoughts and thinking about how to tell Greta about the letter. She supposed she ought to tell Victoria as well. It was such a bad day, and her wish is dead, along with her parents. As Leila made her way to the park gate she had no idea who else was in Newquay. The address said Beachfield Avenue, off Bank Street. Anneliese knew that she was close to seeing her children again. She just kept walking along Bank Street, past the bakers and a tasteful shoe shop. There, Anneliese stopped dead in her tracks. The sign on the side of the sweet shop had written on it Beachfield Avenue. Leopold must love living here, a sweet shop so near! She was on a mission, and that was to find her children. She walked at a fast pace along the road counting the numbers as she went 1.. 3.. 5.. she had a little while until she got to 31. As she walked along the road she started preparing what to say. What if her children didn't recognise her? 27.. 29.. 31.. This was it. She was just about to walk up the steps to the front door when she turned around. There behind her was a pretty young girl, couldn't be any more than 16, blonde hair, green eyes. ‘Excuse me.. but you, wouldn't happen to know if.. three children lived here?' Anneliese had never felt so nervous in her life, what if this was the wrong address. ‘Two girls and a boy?' ‘I'm sorry, but do you mean Leila, Leopold and Greta?' The mysterious girl was looking at Anneliese with interest, she had a German accent and there weren't any of those around here. ‘Yes! Yes! Those are the children I'm looking for! Do you know where they are?' Anneliese was now so excited she couldn't help smiling, for first time in years and instantly Anneliese knew everything would be OK. ‘I do know exactly where all three are, but please what is your name?' ‘My name? Well, it's Anneliese Wenger. Why?' ‘It's me Mutti, Leila. I read your letter only 2 hours ago, I thought you were dead' Leila was so happy, excited and joyful. She knew that if she wished hard enough it would come true. Her mother had come all this way to find them. ‘Please Mutti, come inside and meet Victoria, she's the lady that's been looking after us and Greta, she'll be so happy to see you! She always talks about you and father!' Leila was so excited about introducing her mother to Victoria. After a long day Anneliese, Leila, Greta and Victoria sat squashed on one sofa. Greta on her mothers lap, Leila clinging onto her arm and Victoria on the other side of Anneliese, the two of them talking like sisters. The moment was almost perfect. The only thing wrong with the moment was Anneliese had lost a husband and a son, while her children had lost a father and a brother. Hans Wenger died in 1943 at Auschwitz Concentration Camp Leopold Wenger died in 1940 during the journey to England due to poor hygiene

Pros and Cons of Vivisecton

Scholastic Essay â€Å"Animals are people too? † This is a question that might be asked by an inquisitive person. Literally speaking, animals are not people. However, animals have feelings too and should be treated the way people are treated. In today's modern society, vivisection is a free practice. This is due to the fact that animals are not protected by humans and are free to be caught and used in mankind's experiments in a pursue of knowledge. One might ask : What is vivisection?Well, so to speak, vivisection is the practice of performing operations on live animals for the purpose of experimentation or scientific research. In my opinion, there are pros and cons to this practice. First and foremost, I would like to say that one of the pros of vivisection is for medical advancement. More specifically, vivisection is used for medical experimentation. The best way to test potentially new medicines is by using animals. If the test is successful, then the medicine will be teste d on humans. Read more about Pros and Cons Of ReligionThe reason vivisection is carried out is because the lifespan of an animal is shorter than the lifespan of a human. Therefore, the lifespan of an animal is considered to be less valuable than humans. Any breakthrough in medicine does not only benefit humans, but it might also benefit animals as well as plants. Medical Advancement: Additionally, new medicines can also help animals too, so this falls under the philosophy of the needs of the many (animals) outweigh the needs of the few (animals).Meaning the few animals that are sacrificed or tested upon is worth less than the many animals that are potentially saved or helped, thus helping the greater good is more morale. Of course, this opinion is subjective to each person. Product Safety: Another popular reason for animal testing is for determining the safety of products, such as cosmetics testing. In theory, animals used for safety testing are typically not killed and remain healthy, however th ey are often maltreated.Again, it is commonly considered that the safety of people outweighs the safety of animals, thus animal testing for safety is common. Scientific Knowledge: Animal testing and experimentation is an excellent source to increase scientific knowledge. No one knows what knowledge that will be attained through animal testing, so the value of such animal testing cannot be ascertained ahead of time or even guessed. The most common examples of animal experimentation for scientific knowledge are animal biopsies and vivisections in schools to teach children biology and medical procedures.While this type of animal testing might not yield immediate useful results, it has been helpful in the long term of helping science. Accuracy: Finally, the biggest reason for animal testing is because it works better than any other alternative. Why animal testing can yield results different than human testing, the similarities between animals and humans is staggering and thus helpful to mankind. Reasons Against Animal Testing Torture and Suffering: Animals undergoing testing can be subjected to torture and suffering.Alternatively in some cases, some animals may be even cured of their ailments and diseases during the process of animal testing. Death: Animals can, and sometimes often, die in the process of animal testing. Ethics/Morality: The ethics and morality of testing on animals is often debated. A large number of people do not believe animal testing is ethical, however they often concede that it is necessary. Choice: Since animals cannot volunteer for animal testing, then some people believe animal testing is not ethical.These people believe that it is only ethical to test on subjects who willingly give their consent for self testing. Accuracy: As mentioned before, animals are different than people, thus their testing results are not always useful or practical for human comparisons. Therefore, if the usefulness of animal testing is in question, then animal tes ting should be reconsidered. Price: Finally, the price of keeping and disposing of animals can be quite high. That is why testing, on computer simulations, has increased recently. However, the accuracy of computer simulations is less than animal testing.