Monteverdi’s Opera

Claudio Monteverdi is considered as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.   Composer of operatic masterpieces, Monteverdi’s works are said to have united the music of sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (Kamien, 1998, p. 117). One of his best-known creations is Orfeo, also called â€Å"L’Orfeo, an opera about Orpheus, the musician in the Greek mythology (p. 117). The opera deals with Orpheus grieving about the death of his wife Eurydice from a lethal snake bite (p.117).   The opera was created for the Mantuan court and featured prominent stars, dancers, a chorus and an orchestra consisting of 40 musicians (p. 118).     This masterpiece has the dramatic and literary elements that cemented Monteverdi’s status during the Baroque era.Born in Cremona, Italy, in 1567, Monteverdi served as a singer, violinist and music director for the court of Mantua (Kamien, 1998, p. 117).   He was appointed music director at St. Mark’s in Venice, wh ere he worked for 30 years (p. 117). Opera was said to originate in Italy, where composers, nobles, and poets usually convened to hold musical discussions (p. 115). The first opera house was in Venice (p. 116).   Ã‚  These individuals, who at one point included Vincenzo Galilei, the father of Galileo, called themselves the Camerata or Italian for fellowship or society (p. 115).The Camerata yearned to develop vocal style patterned after the ideals and practices of the Greeks (p. 115). However, since there was no concrete Greek dramatic music, the Camerata patterned their creations on surviving stories and descriptions (p. 115). Greek dramas were described as being sung in a style between melody and speech (p.115). The Camerata decided on a vocal style that was recited and would have a single chordal accompaniment that resulted in a homophonic texture (p. 115). This homophonic texture is a characteristic of the Baroque opera. But why Greek?The aristocrats’ fascination with Gr eek mythology and history was one of the main reasons why composers and musicians created operas reflecting Greek dramas (Kamien, 1998, p. 115). It may also be because Renaissance, the period preceded by the Baroque, was a period wherein Greek philosophy, architecture and ideals were given paramount interest.   Renaissance means â€Å"rebirth† and perhaps this included rebirth of the earlier times, which included the ancient civilization of the Greeks. Then it continued with the Baroque period, with the aristocrats still favoring Greek drama and composers and musicians trying to please them.Monteverdi was able to create effects, such as pizzicato and tremolo to reflect feelings such as that of anger (Kamien, 1998, p. 117).   Additionally, his expressive use of polyphony while at the same time allowing instruments to function aside from simply accompanying he vocal parts is truly an innovation. With Orfeo, Monteverdi was able to inject different kinds of music: â€Å"reci tatives, arias, duets, choruses and instrumental interludes† (p.118).He had a way of making his characters â€Å"come alive† (p. 118).   The texts are set in such a way that the recitatives and the melodic passages rotate (p. 118). This resulted in a feeling of heightened passion, allowing the soloist to move from one mood to another. Monteverdi was a master in achieving this.  Monteverdi wrote about 12 operas but only 3 were preserved (Kamien, 1998, p. 117). His music was mainly for voices, accompanied with a basso continuo or instruments (p. 117). At 75, Monteverdi finished his last opera â€Å"L’inconronazione di Poppea or The Coronation of Poppea (p. 117). In his lifetime, Monteverdi was known for his opera but was not given due respect.   In fact, he was once quoted as saying that he had to â€Å"beg â€Å"to be given what was due him (p. 117).   It is unfortunate that Monteverdi uttered those words once and while it is sad to note that he is no   around to read, see and hear people admire him, it is enough that in death, Monteverdi’s works live on.Reference:Kamien, R. (1998). Music An Appreciation 3rd ed. USA: McGraw-Hill.

An Interesting Place To Visit

It is good to travel. Traveling is instructive, and it is also teaching us about other cultures. That is the best way to learn about people, their way of living, their cultures, and their past history. In fact, Wahoo Bay Beach is very an attractive place to visit. Anybody who likes to travel should plan to visit one day. First, a guest at Wahoo Bay Beach has two options to admire its beautiful view. He or she can choose accommodation near the pool or a quiet location by the garden.There, he or she can relax as he or she watches the surfers gently sweep over the tumbling ocean waves. Seeing the tall palm trees slow movement back and forth in the wind is relaxing as they are making gentle, peaceful sounds. The terrace overlooks the tops green trees and vividly bright color flowers on one side, also a seemingly endless sandy beach and crystal clear water on the other side. During summer time, as anybody lies in the sand, he or she can see kites rise above the clouds and soar gracefully in the wind, which is blowing gently through the trees and sand.Besides the pool and beach, water lovers can sunbath on the stabilized raft. Second, everything on Wahoo Bay Beach has its own unique feature. The multi-tiered grounds are a lush garden of plants and flowers that add to beautiful backdrop of the blue sea and the green mountains. The rooms are large, spacious, and clean exceptionally. The view is to die for. The place is a quiet atmosphere from hustle and bustle of the city. The food is tasty.All meals are specially prepared to the guests liking. Whether it is spicy lobster, beef filet, Creole chicken or any of their menu options anybody chooses, regardless of selection he or she will not be disappointed as Wahoo Bay Beach is noted for its finely prepared cuisine. To sum up, Wahoo Bay Beach is an amazing place to visit mainly because of its view sight, nature sounds. Anybody who visits Wahoo Bay Beach would feel that he or she is in his or her own world.

Brown Girl Broownstone by Paule Marshall Essay

Paule Marshall writes about the social issues, the aspects and standards of lack persons living in America. Novels written in 1959 and it explores the black immigrants search for identity in American society. The novel wrote against the stereotypes of the black race and it was a milestone for African-American Fiction. Race and gender are discussed simultaneously as she speaks out against racism and presents her female character as being different form the stereotype The novel centres on Selina who suffers a traumatic childhood through to womanhood and has her psyche damaged by comparing herself to the white ideology of what makes a teenage girl beautiful. She feels inadequate because she does not math up to the definition of white elegance She also faces an internal struggle due to the fact that both her parents have differing ideologies. The title ‘Brownstones’ refers to the milieu in which the central characters live. The novel begins in 1939 and it opens with the last white residence leaving the brownstones and selling/renting to the Barbadian community . The house, the acquiring of such and the attitude towards the house defined the characters. The house therefore becomes a central symbol in the novel. The title of the novel signal the life of Selina the brown juxtaposes the girl is synonymous to the racial and gender issues at work in the novel. Placing the brownstones next to the girl browngirl emphasises the importance of personal development and individuality. The marshalls description of the brownstones is very telling and suggested â€Å"under the thick ivy each house had something distinctively its own these brownstones appear as if they were one house even though individuality is there.† But the novel also suggests that theses brownstones all share the same tragic fate. They are all draped in ivy as though mourning† The novel is divided into four books. Book 1 entitled A Long Day and A long Night; it sets up the basic tension between n Selina’s parents Silla and Deighton (dispute over land). The second book is titled Pastoral, Selina who is on the verge of adolescence. Selina who goes to Beryl to find a sense of freedom †¦here we find †¦. The third book title war corresponds with the world war 2 but is also significant as a symbol of the Barbadian community’s war against racism as well as the conflict between Silla and Deighton The last book title Selina concludes the novel, rev eals the attempts to come to terms with her father as well as a discovery of her true self. The final aspects of her growth are detailed in this section. It  is through the relationship with Clive that Selina realizes the numerous similarities between herself and her mother. In the novel the protagonists realizes that the mother is a fellow victim of racism rather than her enemy. Major themes in Brown Girl Broownstone 1. The Search for Identity 2. The racial issues and relationships 3. Femininity and Gender 4. The Effects of Migration/ Capitalism on the individual 5. The Relationship between the private and the Public, the Personal and the Communal, the Individual vs the Community 6. The Impact of the Environment/ Personal Setting on Personal Development 7. Sexual Awareness and Exploration 8. Nostalgia and the West Indian Condition 9. Male/ Female Relationships and Family Structural and Technical Devices Used by the Writer 1. Form- Bildungsroman, it is written predominantly in 3rd pov. , divided into four books, the use of quotations from the Barbadian community as preludes 2. Symbolism- The title brownstone houses, Deighton’s land, Barbados, the presence and absence of light is symbolic of awareness, knowledge and maturity 3. Some characters who are symbols are Suggie, Miss Thompson, Miss Mary, Beryl, the Homeowners Association 4. Structural Elements- use of West Indian Vernacular (used to show a sense of identity with their West Indian counterparts) 5. Characterization (in this novel characters are developed through relationships with other characters along with the setting and the author’s description ) 6. Plot Structure (the plot is linear and chronological allowing for the adequate development of Selina 7. Setting – New York vs. Barbados and the tension of place

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING - Essay Example The student is regularly late to school and lives in a single-parent household, with a parent who was recently divorced. While the student is friendly, he or she has only a few friends. As the thirteen-year-old seventh grade student’s teacher, three problems to be addressed include: sleeping in class; becoming frustrated easily and giving up; and poor reading comprehension. Discussion on Identified Problems Sleeping in Class Sleeping in class is an obvious sign the student is not getting enough sleep at home. While a student is sleeping in class, they are not fully participating, if at all. Thus, when a student sleeps in class, he or she is missing out on the curriculum that is presented. Falling behind in class because the child is too tired to remain alert and focused can lead to academic frustration. If the child has not been getting enough sleep for several years, leaving him or her unable to pay attention to fundamental concepts early on, it could also be the cause of poo r reading comprehension. Additionally, other students may see a fellow classmate sleeping in class, with no repercussions and feel that it is acceptable for them to sleep as well.

Community of Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Community of Practice - Essay Example panics lack access to health care services because of low personal income, poor geographic access to health providers and cultural factors that focuses on traditional methods in terms of healthcare. In terms of using family and community resources there is a great link between schools and Hispanic families and the community in terms of using the available resources of computers in accessing various health information (Koton, 2001). Religion is considered as the most outstanding aspect of the Jewish community. Hypertension is most prevalent in the Jewish society. Religion is regarded as a major community and family stressors in the access of healthcare services in dealing with such disease such as diabetes that is common in the Jewish society. Despite the Jewish territory being endowed with various natural resources, the constant conflicts within the region has contributed to low level of access of health services. In addition, the conflicts have further led to lack of employment for the population resulting into poverty (Green,

Medical oncologists job satisfaction in light of Medicare Dissertation

Medical oncologists job satisfaction in light of Medicare reimbursement cuts, new legislation such as the Sunshine Act and burno - Dissertation Example The levels of job satisfaction have a strong influence in the efficient performance of job related functions. In the case of the physicians and nursing professionals the lower the levels of job satisfaction, the less efficiency in the delivery o patient care, and lower the patient satisfaction in the care received (Burke, 2004). It is for this reason that more than four decades earlier a key factor in health care delivery was the emphasis in attempts to increase the job satisfaction levels among physicians and nursing professionals, with a lot of concentration on financial rewards and improved working conditions. Evidence from studies subsequently has shown that these efforts have not produced the desired results. Over the past decade physician job level satisfaction has declined significantly, and is gauged by the lack of willingness to repeat their studies in medicine, were the option available to them (Burke, 2004). A key dimension that has emerged in the delivery of healthcare cu rrently is the requirement for lowering the costs in the delivery of care, but at the same time maintaining higher levels of quality in the delivery care. In addition there are changes that have occurred in the market place involving increase in competition and legislative financial pressures that are consistent with the requirement for lowering costs and increasing quality in the delivery of healthcare. ... tant exposure to the suffering of their patients, loss of patients, and the grief of the survivors, and are expected to provide relief in all these circumstances. In other words the normal practice of medical oncologists is stressful (Cherny & Catane, 2004). In addition to work pressures, medical oncologists face added financial stress coming from legislative action that will cause cut in Medicare re-imbursement from 2012 onwards (Walsh, 2011). 2. Aim of the Study The aim of the study is to evaluate job satisfaction among medical oncologists in the face of the increased challenges that they face in their practice of health care. 3. Objectives of the Study This study has three objectives, which are: 1. Evaluate the impact of Medicare reimbursement cuts on job satisfaction among medical oncologists. 2. Evaluate the impact of the Sunshine Act on job satisfaction among medical oncologists. 3. Analyse the impact of burnout due to work and family conflict on job satisfaction among medical oncologists. 4. Significance of the Study The elderly population in the United States of America (USA) is growing, which will place increased demands on providing care for their health needs. The incidence of cancer is known to rise with age. In addition, derived from the benefits advances in medical science there is and increase in the survivorship of cancer patients. Hence there will be increasing demand for medical oncologists to meet the health care needs of the general population, as well as the growing elderly segment. In a recent study conducted by the American Society of Clinical Oncology there is already a shortage of medical oncologists that will only worsen over the next decade. The study forecasts that in 2020 12,547 oncologists will be added to the strength of practicing

Observation of Participational Cinema in Action Essay

Observation of Participational Cinema in Action - Essay Example Dramatic films are generally shot from a third person 'voyeur' perspective, which allows the audience to observe the unfolding events from a distance. In order to accomplish this state of awareness and acceptance from scientific films, researchers spend a great deal of time with their subject population prior to shooting any footage at all. This is meant to encourage the indigenous community to ignore the filmmaker completely and to return to their normal everyday activities. However, this idealized approach - the 'invisibility' of the camera and it's director - raises new ethical, technical, and artistic issues. The foremost argument against this style of filming lies in defining between 'research' film and 'ethnographic' film: the parameter's of the first ideally contain an undisturbed recording of environmental behavior (which can be used to deduce or extrapolate information); the latter classification is designated by it's editing, which is chosen be the filmmaker to create a narrative. Thus, as MacDougall notes, the fallacy of the all observing camera eye is itself misleading, for the camera is ultimately directed by the filmmaker's choice and/or opportunity. The camera essentially decided what small section of reality is recorded. Along similar lines, the goal of a director's self-effacement from the project is a further removal from reality: many of the filmed communities are remote and isolated to pretend that the director's physical presence has absolutely no effect on the subjects (and a feedback effect on the project itself) is ludicrous. Along this principle, subjects reactions t o cameras depends on their level of familiarity with the media itself. Filming Live with the Herds (1972), MacDougall's silent film camera became accepted by the natives on the premise that he was shooting all of the time (and would therefore present an accurate overall account); when he brings out a still camera near the end of his sojourn, his subjects automatically stuck photogenic poses (MacDougall, 1973) A Ghana director named Braun, discovered a similar effect while shooting footage in his childhood village during carnival time: when a girl noticed him shooting from a rooftop, she began to perform. She grew angry when the camera's attention no longer focused on her, leading Braun's narrative to hypothesize about the power relationship between the camera and its subjects (Pink). Cerezo, Martinez and Ranera, three anthropologists recording African workers in Spain, showed some of their footage to their subjects. Because they had access to television, the workers objected to their own images as being ugly and impoverished, which has resulted in the anthropological argument that visual footage cannot be taken without the express consent of the subjects (Pink). Yet MacDougall takes this argument one step further. In requesting permission to film a community while simultaneously denying them any information to the direction of the film of footage that has been shot, the director "withholds the openness" he requires from his subjects. While this may be rooted in the director's fear of influencing the community's behavior, it also denies him the input of the community information which may prove inaccessible any other way (MacDougall, 1973

Should Feminists Be Against Pornography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Should Feminists Be Against Pornography - Essay Example Sometimes, it has also been the issue of equal rights between male and female and who is worth to have more power. The various issues arising out of feminism have also invited many theorists as well as political reformers formulate theories related to feminism which has been eventually linked up with politics. The research will investigate the different perspectives and issues related to pornography a subject closely linked with feminism, and whether the two go hand in hand. The issue of feminism is sometimes seen to be taking a liberal approach, which is again recognized as liberal feminism. Liberalism essentially refers to a differentiation of the body from the mind, overhauling the role of mind in defining human nature, while denying the importance of bodies. Precisely because it denies any connection between mind and body, liberalism assumes too many similarities between men and women. (Ring, 1991, 28) Women and men are no different from each other, and are treated equal irrespec tive of having two different bodies is what the liberalists believe. This ideology also has resemblances with Marxist theorists. According to Marxism, there is practically no difference between men and women. ... (Ring, 1991, 28) Looking from the Marxist approach, the body does not assume any significant image and even liberal feminists also share the same view. Whether one is a man or a woman holds no significance in the Marxist world. Instead, it is far more important to see whether one belongs to the upper class or the lower class based on his economic status. It denies any difference based on gender, and refutes any conflict that might be related to what rights a woman can enjoy as compared to her male counterpart. Considering from this angle, a woman has as much rights to wear clothes as a man, irrespective of how much part of her body the clothes might reveal. Following this perspective, one can notice the difference if one visits a capitalist country like USA and a country like UAE who believes in a more radical approach like difference between genders are strongly existent. In other words, a woman in USA would feel quite comfortable in exposing clothes like bikinis at a beach, while a woman from UAE might consider it unthinkable. However in the 1960s, feminists have been active in responding to the issues of the use of veil in Islam apart form issues like female genital mutilation carried out in Africa and female infanticide in Asia. However Marxist feminists believe that the two genders are equal but â€Å"we do not deny that men are the agents of women’s oppression, or that, within the framework of existing social relations, men benefit form it, both in material and psychological terms† (Marxism, Feminism & Women’s Liberation, n.d., 1). These feminists also hold that these gains are â€Å"petty, hollow and transitory† involving high costs. In this context of

Living Environment in Kalahari Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Living Environment in Kalahari - Essay Example Measures to diverge these conditions have become futile. Despite many global environmental bodies that are mandated with environmental protection being set, little is being done due to lack of good will from different countries from the globe. Many meetings e.g. Kyoto have been convened in an effort to look for a solution to the crisis, but little has been achieved as developed countries have failed to sign the protocol which would bind the countries to contribute in environmental protection (Valsson, 2006). Some of the adverse effect of environmental pollution has been highlighted in the book, cry in the Kalahari. The author emphasizes on the problems that the animals go through in the wilderness. He wrote that they lacked basic needs making them make use of the little water that they get e.g. water from the bowls that the writer forgot outside the tent. This indicates the human ignorance when building empires while ignoring other living organisms which also depend on the environmen t (Owens & Cordelia, 1992 p.4). The chapter also emphasizes on the neglect by the developed countries to help in environmental conservation measures despite playing a great role in environmental pollution. ... This has increased demand for land. The land that was previously used by animals as their habitat has been transformed into human living areas. This has starved thousands of wild animals as feeding areas have reduced tremendously (Owens & Cordelia, 1992). Desert conditions have become very extreme with the living conditions become so unbearable. People living in these areas have been left vulnerable unable to afford even the basic needs. It has become hard for them to grow food crops as the environmental conditions have become harsh (Haluzan 2010). Environmental conditions in the arctic regions have also changed. The temperature levels have increased with 0.7 degree centigrade. This has led to smelting of the snow making the environment unfavorable for animals living in these areas. Furthermore, the vegetation which are adapted to cold conditions, have also been affected. Aquatic organisms have also been affected with a majority of them dying as a result of increased temperature leve ls of the water (Haluzan 2010). Changes in biodiversity Biodiversity plays a great role in protecting the lives of people, increasing food security, health and even resilience. There have been great changes in biodiversity especially in the northern countries. The changes in biodiversity are expected to continue increasing with the level of temperature increasing in the world. The growing vegetation both in the desert and the arctic regions are affected directly by changes in climatic conditions. According to the scientific information, the lichens and mosses population levels are expected to decrease. These act as food for reindeer therefore; their population is also expected to decrease (David & Paul, 1992, p. 16). On the other hand, the

Art, Self, and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art, Self, and Society - Essay Example The essay "Art, Self, and Society" discovers the wrapped Reichstag by Christo and Jean-Claude. Despite many challenges and rigorous process that someone has to go through in life, there is always a glimmer of hope and success at the end. The artists went through very tormenting moments, sacrifice and patience so that they could have the permission of the parliament to wrap Reichstag. Therefore, every endeavor that one undertakes should be driven by the end rather than the means. Arguably, the wrapped Reichstag also sends a message that in life nothing is impossible. Even the bigger structural constructions, which are more than the size of Reichstag, could be completed when adequate resources are properly used. Therefore, no matter how big something might appear, still there is a possibility of doing it to completion. This can as well be seen among the people who came to see the Reichstag structure that amazed many of them due to its big size and structural composition. Moreover, the Reichstag is a symbol of democracy to the people of the society. The convening of the old parliament building leaves a sign that the past dictatorship acts were outdated, thus autocratic laws were no longer passed. Indeed, the artwork at the moment identified with several people who had fallen victims of the oppressive dictatorship rules. The wrapping of Reichstag becomes very symbolic since it is a clear sign that the dark ages of oppressive rules are over, and this marks the new beginning of political dispensation.

Evidence and support for your claim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evidence and support for your claim - Essay Example When talking about violence in media, advocates against violence state that they are pushing for more censorship in behalf of the youth. A study has shown that children who were non-violent showed a high level of brain activity similar to that of children with aggressive behavior. (Mathis, 2005) More research has to be conducted to ensure that the brain activity was a direct result of exposure to violent television shows. Nevertheless, theories on behavioral psychology explain that an individual’s behavior can be influenced by a number of things, one of which is through observance of the actions in his or her surroundings. As a child, the individual tends to mimic what he or she sees from the adults around him. (Observation, 2005) Children usually imitate behavior and language from the people around them. This is how they start learning to communicate. As such, adults are often mindful of how they act and what they say whenever around very young children. This is also why parents have their kids watch educational children’s shows. They are in the frame of mind that their children will pick up the words and lessons from the said shows. This way of thinking can also be applied when it comes to violent shows. By having children watch shows with gun-wielding teenagers, people fighting and individuals shouting foul words, media is sending a message that it is normal to act as violently. Media is reinforcing the notion that fighting is acceptable in society. It provides the young viewers role models who exhibit aggressive behavior. Producers of the show maintain that they cannot do away with action scenes and aggressive behavior as these will affect the quality of their shows. They may say that it is the responsibility of the parents to supervise what their children are watching. Also, they may say that their shows are classified for adult viewers who know the difference

Writing With Description Essay Example for Free

Writing With Description Essay Before you begin your paragraph, you have to be sure to pick something that is worth describing. If you want to describe a character, make sure the person is interesting in some way. If you want to describe an object, make sure it has some deeper meaning beyond itself so you have enough to write about. If you pick a place, make sure you can describe it in a unique way that can capture a readers attention. For example, in the opening pages of _The Catcher in the Rye,_ Holden Caulfield describes a baseball mitt. The mitt itself is not that remarkable, but he describes it in a way that fills it with meaning because it used to belong to his deceased brother. Though not every object you describe needs an elaborate backstory, if it has some meaning behind it, this can help the description carry weight. If you want to pick a place, dont just pick any old spot at a beach, but one that is meaningful to you or, if youre writing fiction, to one of your characters in some way. This can add a layer of depth to the place in question. INTRODUCE THE PERSON, PLACE, OR THING YOU ARE DESCRIBING. If you want to get the readers attention, then you should let him or her know what youre describing as soon as possible instead of leaving them guessing. Here is an example of some opening lines in a descriptive paragraph: _Natashas basement was our sanctuary. I return to it in my best dreams and wake up feeling like I could die happy._ These opening sentences introduce the subject that is being described, the basement of the narrators friend. They make it clear that this place is very important to the narrator. ENGAGE YOUR READERS SENSE OF SIGHT. You can start with what the reader can see and appeal to his or her sense of sight to help introduce the object. Since sight is the most helpful sense, any good descriptive paragraph must  first discuss what the writer wants the reader to visualize. Using strong adjectives to illustrate your scene, moment, experience or item to the reader will help provide a visual picture in your readers mind. Keep in mind that, while adjectives can help convey a sense of the subject, overusing them can lead to boring, overwrought writing. Heres an example of the opening of a descriptive paragraph: _Even today I could paint a perfect picture of it, right up to the last piece of neglected pizza crust festering under the ping-pong table._ Immediately, the reader is given a visual description of some things in the basement: old pizza crust and a ping-pong table. The reader is given a sense of a messy, chaotic place.

The Role of Homais in Madame Bovary

The Role of Homais in Madame Bovary Elixir for Decayed Corruption In Madame Bovary, Flaubert expresses the complications that give rise as a result of the unsatisfactory life of a young woman belonging to the socio-economic class. He directly introduces criticism of societys antics through many different characters in the novel, each of which play a significant role in delivering his message. One such character is Homais, an apothecary in the town of Yonville. Although this character appears to at first be a simply an insignificant, nosy character, his corrupt and self-serving nature continues to be revealed through his interactions with the people he meets. The purpose of Homais character in the novel is very direct as he represents the hypocritical and cowardly nature of the masculine middle class. His character also enables the society to behave in a corrupt fashion, supporting Flauberts interpretation of civilization as equally corrupt. Flaubert establishes Homais character in the novel as a device in delivering his criticism and ridicule of th e bourgeoisie and society as a whole during this time period. Initially, Homais character appears to act solely as a vehicle for Flauberts criticisms of the new, progressive middle class as cowardly and self serving. A significant manifestation of the corrupt and cowardly nature of Homais appears during a critical error he made causing the amputation of Hippolytes leg. Homais pretends that he wants to take rash actions to cure Hippolytes club foot purely for the benefit of Hippolyte, claiming that, its not for me. Its for you purely out of goodwill (174). However it is revealed that Homais simply wanted to use Hippolytes injury as a stepping stone for his flourishing in the journalism activity. Homais deceitful and sly nature appears as he attempts to convince Hippolyte by providing false hope of being more cheerful and agile and even hints that women would be more pleased after the procedure (174). Homais is essentially the catalyst for the downfall of Hippolyte by using him for his own benefit and becoming taken over by greed. Flaubert critic izes the nature of the middle class to only take action when benefit comes for them. He expands on the loss of human goodwill and shows the decay and corruption that replaces compassion and benevolence. This incident regarding Hippolyte also depicts the cowardly nature of the middle class in the face of confrontation. After the rapid decline of Hippolytes health, a different doctor was summoned in an attempt to find a cure for Hippolyte. The doctor begins the criticize Charles actions stating that he was an idiot who reduced an unfortunate man to such a state (180). He continues on to derail Charles character exclaiming that they load you down with remedies without worrying about the consequences(180). In the midst of the doctors condemnation of Charles, Homais does not defend Charles even though he was the propeller of the action and essentially lays down his dignity for his greater interests. Homais does not take responsibility for his actions and instead simply observes others ta ke the burden of the blame. His cowardly act manifests Flauberts interpretation of the nature of the middle class. Flaubert denounces how the priorities of the socio-economic class appears to be based on materialistic ideals rather than core human values such as dignity, pride, and honesty. Another incident that displays the corrupt self-serving nature of the middle class depicts by Flaubert is Homais treatment towards the blind beggar. Homais considers himself a cultured, intelligent, important man when in reality he is ultimately at the same level of the peasants and lower class he looks down on. Homais proceeds to regard the beggar with contempt describing him as a scrofulous infection and poses as an intelligent man by giving the beggar advice for his blind condition (280). A notable moment that exhibits the cowardly nature of Homais is the action he takes in retaliation to the blind beggar exposing the harmful actions Homais inflicts upon others in an attempt to add to his own benefit. Homais takes advantage of his resources to launch a secret campaign against the beggar, and ultimately succeeds in jailing the beggar in an asylum. His actions shows his resort to oppression of another mans civil liberties in an attempt to protect his own reputation. Homais character acts as a representation of the corrupt and cowardly aspects of the bourgeoisie. However, a depiction of Flauberts criticisms of society as a whole can be assumed to be an addition to the purpose behind the creation of Homais character. Ironically, Homais character is arguably one of the most corrupt in the novel, yet he is the only one who achieves his goal of social mobility. In comparison to characters who appear morally good such as Charles and Berthe Bovary who end up with tragic endings, Homais is able to achieve most if not all of his ambitions and goals. An example ofÂÂ   Homais success is the fact presented that he had just received the Legion of Honor (322). Flaubert presents this fact in a blunt style as the last line of the novel leaving a foul taste in the readers mouths. Homais achievement is not shown to be a beautiful event but rather a small gain in comparison to the corrupt actions he had taken leading up to his success. As a result, Flaubert criticizes society in its capitulation towards societys accolade to the most unethical figures. He condemns the mechanics behind society and essentially exposes the moral decay that is hidden underneath the gilded surface. Through Homais triumph in acquiring the Legion of Honor, Flaubert reveals the twisted nature of the mechanics behind society. He shows the disappointing reality that those who act in sly and immoral ways often times receive more benefit than those who live an honest life. Homais character depicts the segment of society through Flauberts perspective which prevents his evaluation from being truly objective. Moreover, Flaubert attempts to depict the raw corrupt nature of Homais character through a satirical argument between Homais and the priest: Yet, said Homais, it cant be both ways. Either she died in a state of grace (as the Church puts it), in which case she doesnt need prayers; or she died unrepentant (I believe thats the ecclesiastical term), and in that case- Bournisien interrupted, replying in an irritable tone that one needed to pray, no matter what. But, the pharmacist objected, since God knows all our needs, whats the use of prayer? What do you mean? asked the priest. Prayer! Arent you a Christian? I beg your pardon, said Homais. I admire Christianity. In the first place, it freed the slaves, introduced into the world a morality- Never mind about that! All the texts- Texts, bah! Open up the history books. We know they were falsified by the Jesuits. Charles came in and walked toward the bed. He drew the curtains back slowly. (305) In this piece of dialogue Homais engages in a argument with the priest about religion. This represents the clash in culture during the time between the new science ideas and the conservative ideas of centering life around religion. Homais continues to argue even in the presence of the deceased Emma Bovary. His disregard to the situation at hand shows how he doesnt appear to have any respect towards Madame Bovary. Flaubert creates the satirical conversation between Homais and Bournisien in order to reveal the hypocritical nature of Homais in asserting that he is a religious man but proceeding to denounce the essence of religion. He presents himself as a holy man yet he objects to the statement by the priest that prayer is needed no matter what. Homais claims to admire Christianity but advocates modern ideas including Voltaire and science. Through the dialogue, Homais character is seen once more in negative light as a representation of the middle class. The insensitivity of Homais to t he environment of the deceased is reflected in his insistence in continuing to partake in the squabble with the priest. Homais interrupts and blurts out his own uneducated ideas without giving consideration to the priests words. Another characteristic revealed is in how he disregards the dead in order to win the argument and therefore feel a sense of self-superiority. The childish antics performed by Homais shows the twisted order in his priorities to favor self over the traditional values of respect. As a result of Homais corruption, the moral decay has reached such a deep point in his character that he supports Flauberts intent in depicting the middle class as well as society. Finally, Madame Bovary brings to light Flauberts dissection of society as corrupt and immoral through the character Homais. Throughout the novel Homais perpetrates many unethical actions that displays the mechanics of society through a single person. He reveals his cowardly and corrupt actions which supports the conclusion that his character was essentially devised to be used as a device for Flauberts heavy condemnation towards civilization. The novel also paves way into Flauberts analysis of a specific group, the bourgeoisie, to be equally Madame Bovary reveals the actions that give rise to the decay within the community. Through this manifestation, Flaubert delivers his denunciation of society and the middle class to be impure.

The Current Approaches To Ecotourism

The Current Approaches To Ecotourism Ecotourism has been the fastest growing segment of the global tourism industry and has developed on the tourism market within the core of environmental movement as well as becoming continuously important in the tourism industry (Matei, 2011). However, before ecotourism is emerged, tourism has been rapidly become one of the most important part of economic growth in the world. While tourism has been contributed to the source of economic development, conventional mass tourism growth has resulted in the numerous negative impacts on tourism destination, such as the destruction of ecological systems, loss of cultural heritage, cultural commodification and inter-cultural conflict (Weaver, 2008; Lansing Vries, 2007). In late 1980s, the realization of these problems has led to the development of sustainable tourism (Hugo, 2010). Sustainable tourism has been on the basis of responsible travel to natural areas that preserve the destinations environment and has reminded as a type of tourism, wh ich positively contributes to visitor satisfaction, incorporates an element of environmental education, delivers benefit to poor local communities and also assists the local communities to maintain their cultural features (Matei, 2011). Additionally, sustainable tourism is regarded as the role of marketing tool to promote and advertise any form of tourism associated with nature based and also the money from sustainable tourism is reinvested in order to environmentally protect and preserve tourism destination as well as significantly develop the access of the local people to jobs creation and civilization (Matei, 2011). In addition, these new forms of tourism are proposed to simultaneously fulfill the needs of different parties involved, such as delivering revenues and profits to the tourism industry, responsible travel experiences to the increasingly wealthy tourist and economic growth combined with environmental and socio-cultural protection to host countries and communities (Lansi ng Vries, 2007). As a result of this reason, many countries have considered of sustainable tourism, which is meant by a travel to natural destinations (remote areas) under environmental protection at the international, national, regional or private level (Honey, 2008). Current Approaches to Ecotourism The core current approaches to ecotourism development are suggested two ideal types of the approaches in relation to the level of sustainability outcomes. Those approaches are comprehensive approach and minimalist approach. The first ideal type of the approaches to ecotourism is minimalist approach. The minimalists approach emphasizes a basic or shallow understanding and learning opportunities based on elemental perspective. An elemental approach is evident at the other end of the continuum when a product focuses on specific non-captive animals or plants that are deemed to be particularly attractive or interesting, such as charismatic megafauna or megaflaora a (Weaver, 2005). In contrast, the other ideal type of the approaches to ecotourism is comprehensive approach which adopts a holistic perspective on the product that incorporates the ecosystem into associated human influences so that the implication of cultural component is more likely to be integrated into the interpretive exper iences than recognized as attraction (Schianetz, Kavanagh Lockington, 2007). The minimalist approach does not intentionally have desire for transforming values or behavior and its approach to sustainability is associated with site-specific, status quo oriented as well merely as natural environment (Weaver, 2005) whereas the comprehensive approach is purposed to enhance deep understanding and deliberately transform participant attitudes and behavior (Schianetz, Kavanagh Lockington, 2007). Furthermore, according to Weaver (2005), it is believed that the implementation of the comprehensive approach utilized by the managers in destinations is more likely to provide the objectives of environmental and sociocultural sustainability to tourism destinations. By fostering a more environmentally aware and activist market, comprehensive approach is conducive to the development of the product that benefits from donations and eagerness to engage in volunteer activity such as research assistance, and informal policing. When the comprehensive approach combines with the emphasis on enhancement based global and environmental and sociocultural enhancement, the volunteer activity for the rehabilitation and reclamation of habitat, which has been considerably transformed by human activity is channeled though the opportunity emerged. By contrast, according to Weaver (2005), the minimalist approach may hinder the attainment of the sustainability objectives. Therefore, the problems of the mi nimalist approach is mainly likely to be occurred from the element approach to construct species hierarchies, and thereby charismatic megafauna is more likely to be highly assessed by the managers but is not less ecologically valuable species. However, its attention will be able to ironically become damaging consequences to the charismatic megafauna by encouraging prolonged intrusive contact with humans. Generally, the process of observing wildlife is more likely to result in subtle negative effects by carrying out an inadvertently inappropriate manner. From a sustainability perspective that is global enhancement within a combined environmental, sociocultural and economic that includes local community, both minimalist and comprehensive approach appear to fulfill the imperatives of financial sustainability and high levels of satisfaction (Schianetz, Kavanagh Lockington, 2007). Examples of Ecotourism Two-ecotourism case study have been identified and analyzed. The first ecotourism case is Sumba Island in Indonesia. The remote island of Sumba is one of the poorest islands in Indonesia although Sumba Island is culturally one of the richest islands with very strong ancient tradition and strong heritage (The Sumba Foundation, 2012). In Sumba Island, most of the residents live without access to clean water, basic health care and education and also malnutrition is among the highest in the world (The Sumba Foundation, 2012). Nihiwatu has become a major employer of villagers in Sumba Island and the purpose of Nihiwatu is to develop the quality of life for it Sumbanese neighbor throughout responsible tourism (Nihiwatu, 2012). The main stakeholders are eco resort villages that obtain a large amount of funding from guest vacationing in order to support the local community projects by donating (Nihiwatu, 2012). Nihiwatu as an eco resort has commenced local community development projects and has closely cooperated with The Sumba Foundation to take the projects to a higher level (Nihiwatu, 2012). The projects are in relation to creating sustainable livelihood and jobs, achieving energy efficiency and adequate supply, food and water supply. The project makes peoples lives clearly visible so health and local welfare has been changed much better and the hygiene conditions of clinics and villages are significantly improved (The Sumba Foundation, 2012). From the projects perspective, Nihiwatu eco resort has importantly taken the concepts of sustainable development. The resort has considered of local residents neighbors by having responsibility so after purchasing land, the landowner has taken not only the land, but also the responsibility of taking care of the land and its society (Nihiwatu, 2012). Moreover, Nihiwatu eco resort has become one of the merely hotels in the world which utilize 100% powered by bio-fuel and renewable energy source as well as recycling everything so that carbon emission which results in climate change has been decreased (Sumba, 2012). Eco resort village in Sumba Island culturally and socially influences on young generation. The value of frequent informal interaction with tourists is likely to afford the opportunities to practice English skills and also to experience adverse social cultural impacts associated with ecotourism, which is concerned with the impact on young generation conduct between unappreciated sexual conduct and consumption alcohol that is vastly different from their culture (Clifton Benson, 2006). Furthermore, the economic benefit associated with eco resort village tourism provides the optimism in regard to income generating opportunities, which derive from direct employment, rental of accommodation for tourists or the sale of handicrafts and food (Clifton Benson, 2006). It is seen that the rental of accommodation has economically generated the benefits for the wide local communities because the accommodations has been owned and operated by the local residents as well as having been built specifi cally for the purpose. In addition, the sale of handicrafts and food has provided the opportunity to participation in to a greater variety of individuals and groups, such as women, the young and old members of the local communities (Clifton Benson, 2006). Consequently, this eco resort village is fundamentally important for residents life so if the village culture is damaged, the residents will be ruined. This benefits related with village ecotourism is likely to be regard as both reflecting and reinforcing social capital in the local communities (Clifton Benson, 2006). The second ecotourism case is Song Saa Private Island in Combodia. Song Saa Private Island is officially known as Koh Bong and Koh Quen and has renown for the rich and diverse marine life in their surrounding waters (Song Saa, 2012). Song Saa Private Island integrates commercial development with the triple bottom lines of ecological (biophysical), social and economic sustainability by emphasizing on sustainability and high exemplary environmental standards (Song Saa, 2012). The relevance of the triple bottom-line concept and sustainability approach are the central to the purpose and mission statement of Song Saa private Island so as to improve the environment, the condition of local communities and the economy (Song Saa, 2012). Song Saa Private Island positively or negatively influences on environment in terms of water, energy, solid waste, biodiversity, pollution and contamination. According to the report (Sustainable Management Plan, 2012), Water discharged from Song Saa Private Is land, such as grey-water, sewage and storm-water sources results in damage to local wildlife and ecosystems and alteration of water has negative impact on human communities and local ecosystems. The inefficient use of energy has increased carbon in the atmosphere and contributed to global warming (climate change). Solid waste inflows have negative impact on local flora and fauna and associated habitats. Construction and operation of the resort and guest and staff activities have an adverse impact on local biodiversity by destroying, displacing or stressing animals, vegetation or their associated ecosystems. Physical, visual and ambient pollution detracts from amenity, intrinsic and cultural values of the landscape and the environment. Chemicals (cleaning products, insecticides, chlorine herbicides), guest and staff sunscreens, insect repellants result in damage to reef systems. In addition, Song Saa Private Island also has negative or positive effects on social cultural and economic based on the local communities. Song Saa Private Island provides the opportunities throughout the local community program and conservation program to weave together the needs of local peoples (Sustainable Management Plan, 2012). These programs focuses on the support communities throughout activities that promote sustainable livelihoods and the process which create enabling conditions that generate local welfare. This development of the projects is fundamentally based on working with government and community institutions, networks and norms to achieve tangible and positive outcomes (Sustainable Management Plan, 2012). Song Saa community and conservation program provides the development of educational opportunities for the local villagers so that local people increase their awareness and understanding of environmental issue and opportunities; increasing the knowledge and understan ding of marine conservation among the inhabitants of local fishing village (Song Saa Conservation and Community Program, 2012). Furthermore, the conservation and community projects efficiently manage the flow of solid waste from the villages. This management provides an income stream through the provision of incentive payments to the village waste collectors and an additional income stream though the sale of recyclable materials for the local community when the solid waste and recycle management contributes to the health of the village (Song Saa Conservation and Community Program, 2012). Song Saa Private Island has participated in the water system, which is established for local community health as a core component of sustainable livelihood maintenance throughout the provision of safe domestic water supply and the protection of water supply from contamination. The water system works with the local community and local providers to improve environmentally sensitive water treatment and waste reticulation system so as a result of the water systems, local community is given an effective water management and unique livelihood activities such as snail and frog rearing (Song Saa Conservation and Community Program, 2012). Ecotourism the Ideal versus the Real In order to establish sustainable tourism development, the strong interaction between environment and human must need. However, it is not easy to fulfill and assess the sustainability of tourism destination because of the complex conduct and the use of the variety approaches, which are in possession of different strengths and weaknesses depending on the characteristics of the tourism destinations. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the available approaches and use its correct usage in order to develop sustainable tourism. The possible approach to develop sustainable tourism development needs to be carefully considered of the positive impact on the relationship between economic, social cultural and environment component within the triple bottom line approach. The triple bottom line approach requires the balance of three components (ecological, economic and social) in order to generate sustainability to the tourism development. As described two ecotourism cases, the triple bottom line is basically associated with sustainability so if the ecotourism development and products do not carefully consider of three components, one of components will gain damage by unbalancing three components. For example, if tourism development is more likely to provide the benefit to the tourists without any concern about environment in the destinations, the environment in the destinations will suffer from tourists activity. In addition, local community and culture will be also damaged by visiting tourists if not considered of local environment and culture when the tourism develops. The local culture may be probably changed by direct or indirect impact from tourist behavior and attitude toward local community. Although by contacting with tourists, the positive or negative different culture is likely to come into local community, the problem is that the local community will not be able to conserve. Therefore, in order to protect and prevent these potential problems in the tourism destinations, comprehensive approach is more likely to be appropriate for the current sustainable tourism development than minimalist approach because comprehensive ecotourism considers nature-based and cultural as the attractions as well as global, environmental and sociocultural enhancement for sustainability. For example, minimalist ecotourism focuses on particular species so this approach is easy to provide the greater tourist satisfaction but the approach is less likely to contribute to the development of local community and culture without changes. However, comprehensive approach tends to have the more positive impacts on both environmental and local community in terms of economic, social culture and ecological because of the broader attractions (including nature-based and culture), deep understanding and learning of the tourism destinations. So, this approach will be reasonably utilized as an ap preciate approach according to the characteristic of the tourism destinations and the needs of environment and local community in regard of ecological, social cultural and economic. Conclusion Ecotourism is the biggest movement among tourism industry and also has been rapidly growing up in global tourism industry. Sustainable tourism development associated with ecotourism is regarded as the important tourism approach to tourism destinations in the world. With sustainability approach, the tourism destinations have been significantly considering of environmental and socio cultural protection. This big movement directly or indirectly influences on environment and local community and culture in the tourism destination. Consequently, the accurate approaches toward the tourism development and products are considerately required according to the characteristic of the tourism destinations in order to sustain the tourism development. Reference lists Clifton, J., Benson, A. (2006). Planning for sustainable ecotourism: the case for research ecotourism in developing country destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(3), 238-254. Honey, M. (2008). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development, Who Owns Paradise? (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: America, Island Press. Hugo, M. L. (1999). A comprehensive approach towards the planning, grading and auditing of hiking trails as ecotourism products, Current Issues in Tourism, 2(2/3), 138-173. Matei, E. (2011). The ecotourisms development in the Romanian Carpathians protected areas: facts, figures and needs. Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography, 5(2), 31-39. Schianetz, K., Kavanagh, L., Lockington, D. (2007). Concepts and tools for comprehensive sustainability assessments for tourism destination: a comparative review. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(4), 369-389. Sumba: an iconic island to demonstrate the potential of renewable energy. (2012). Retrieved from: http://www.hivos.nl Song Saa. (2012). Retrieved from: http://www.songsaa.com Sustainable Management Plan. (2012). Retrieved from: http://www.songsaa.com Song Saa Conservation and Community Program. (2012). Retrieved from: http//www.songsaa.com The Sumba Foundation. (2012). Retrieved from: http://www.sumbafoundation.org Weaver, D. B. (2005). Comprehensive and minimalist dimensions of ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2), 439-455. Weaver, D. (2008). Ecotourism (2nd ed.). Milton: Australia, John Wiley Sons Australia.

Observational Learning of Violent Behavior Essay -- essays research pa

Today violence has become an every day experience in life. Playing video games or turning on the television, and flipping through the channels at random, you will most likely stumble upon various forms of violence. Does it desensitize or help us tolerate violence? And the most controversial issue, does it cause violence? Most humans learn by simply watching, and then imitating the action rather than trial and error or direct experiences of the consequences of our actions (this is not to say that watching and imitating is the only way of learning). This method of learning is called observational learning. The highly recognized psychologist with observational learning is Albert Bandura. Bandura’s theory states that observational learning is the result of cognitive processes that are actively judgmental and constructive opposed to mechanical copying. Bandura created an experiment to prove his theory. The experiment consisted of three different films, and four year old children that watched them separately. On each of the three films, a female adult aggressively played with a Bobo doll (hit, punch, kick, throw, etc.). The only differences in the three films were the endings. One ending showed the woman being rewarded with soft drinks, candy, and snacks, after playing with the Bobo doll aggressivel y. The other version of the film portrayed punishment by scolding and spankings by other adults, after performing aggressive behaviors towards the Bobo doll. In the last film the aggre...

La Rotonda Essay -- Architecture Construction Essays

La Rotonda One of the great architects in time was Andrea Palladio, who was made famous for his magnificent Villas built in Italy in the fifteen hundreds. To do so he drew from the Greek and Roman’s architecture, studying many of their finest works, to create his masterful villas. This process would develop into a style of architecture, which became known as Palladianism. This style has inspired buildings which have dominated the landscape for the last four hundred years. These buildings include: English castles, American public buildings, Swiss railroad stations, Spanish libraries, Tuscan villas and Canadian hotels. Many of these buildings are considered to be the great buildings of the world. Andrea Palladio was born in 1508A.D. in Italy. At a very young age he became a stone mason, however his journey into architecture began when he met Gian Giorgio Trissino who immediately saw ability in him and decided to mentor Palladio. Trissino combined a study of classical architecture with architecture of the time, all the while allowing Palladio room to develop a style of his own. In time Palladio was constructing villas through out the country side of Italy, in all he constructed 30 villas, 18 of which are still standing today. Perhaps Palladio’s most famous work was the Villa Rotondra or La Rotondra which was started around 1565 and took approximately 4 years to build and was greatly inspired by the Pantheon in Rome. It is interesting to note that la Rotondra is different from Palladio’s other villas in a number of ways, and it is evident that these differences help distinguish it from the rest. The main differences between Palladio’s Rotondra and his othe r work are, The Rotonda is set on a hilltop, it is located near a... ...to see why many regard Andrea Palladio as one of the most influential architects of all time, he was able to create some of the most stunning, graceful, and awe-inspiring villas in the world. Unfortunately, Palladio died before his masterpiece, La Rotonda, was complete. The project was completed by his protà ©gà © Vincenzo Scamozzi. Work Cited 1.) http://boglewood.com/palladio/life.html, Wednesday September, 28 2.) Mathew McCann Feton, â€Å"Time: Great Buildings of the World†  © 2004, New York, NY. 3.) http://kuleuven.ac.be/bwk/materials/Research/KVB/EDAMM_intro.html, Wednesday September, 28 4.) http://studentwebs.coloradocollege.edu/~A_LIVESAY/palladio.html, Wednesday September, 30 5.) http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0837370.html, Wednesday September, 28 6.) http://architecture.about.com/b/a/2003_11.htm, Wednesday September, 28

Ethics In Education Essay

Abstract Education has ever been considered as one of the strongest foundations for any civilized society. The success of any Nation is largely attributed the way in which education system is built up. There is growing importance the world over these days to incorporate importance of ethical standards in education. Ethical standards in education contain basic principles, procedures and behavior patterns based on commitment to core values that are deeply rooted in education. An ethical education will pave a way to uplift educational standards which in turn will instill right values among students who will certainly create landmark in their career as well as life. ETHICS IN EDUCATION The Concept Of Ethics The definition of ethics is shaped by personal, societal and professional values, all of which are difficult to specify. Some stress the importance of society’s interests and others stress the interests of the individual. These conflicting viewpoints have dominated the discussion of ethics for a long time and may remain in the future as well. Thus, the term ‘ethics’ will have to be defined in this context. The word ‘ethics’ is derived from the Greek word ‘ethos’ (character) and Latin word ‘moras’ (customs). Taken together these two words define how individuals choose to interact with one another. Thus, ethics is about choices. It signifies how people act in order to make the ‘right’ choice and produce ‘good’ behavior. It encompasses the examination of principles, values and norms, the consideration of available choices to make the right decision and the strength of character to act in accordance with the decision. Hence, ethics, as a practical discipline, demands the acquisition of moral knowledge and the skills to properly apply such knowledge to the problems of daily life. Philosophical Theories of Ethics Decision making based on intuition or personal feeling does not always lead to the right course of action. Therefore, ethical decision making requires a criterion to ensure good judgment. The philosophical theories of ethics provide different and distinct criteria for good, right or moral judgment. Three prominent philosophical theories of ethics are utilitarianism, rights and justice. They are normative theories of ethics, which provide a principle or standard on how a person ought to behave towards others by considering the right and wrong of an action. These normative theories are divided into two broad classifications, consequential and non-consequential. Consequential theories define ‘good’ in terms of its consequences, and a best known example is theory of utilitarianism. In contrast, non-consequential theories define ‘good’ not by its consequences but by its intrinsic value and the best known examples are the rights and justice theories. These theories are described below. (a) The theory of utilitarianism According to this theory, the ethical alternative is the one that maximises good consequences over bad consequences. Jeremy Bentham, who is considered as the father of utilitarian ethics, defines utilitarianism as the greatest happiness principle (the principle of utility), which measures good and bad consequences in terms of happiness and pain. He wrote as follows in his book ‘An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation’: â€Å"Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do. On the one hand the standard of right and wrong, chain of causes and effects, are fastened to their throne. They govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think.† The terms ‘happiness’ and ‘pain’ have broad meaning and encompass all aspects of human welfare, including pleasure and sadness, health and sickness, satisfaction and disappointment, positive and negative emotions, achievement and failure and knowledge and ignorance. Applying the utilitarian principle is a procedural process involving five steps: (1) Define the problem; (2) Identify the stakeholders affected by the problem; (3) List the alternative courses of action for resolving the problem; (4) Identify and calculate the short- and long- term costs and benefits (pain and happiness) for each alternative course of action and (5) Select the course of action that yields greatest sum of benefits over costs for the greatest number of people. Thus, ethical conduct by accountants based on this theory leads to consideration of all possible consequences of a decision for all parties affected by it. This theory takes a pragmatic and common sense approach to ethics. Actions are right to the extent that they benefit people (i.e. actions, which produce more benefit than harm are right and those that do not are wrong). Thus, the cognitive process required for utilitarian decision making appears similar to the cost-benefit analysis that is normally applied in business decisions. However, there are important distinctions between the two concepts in relation to the nature of consequences, the measurability of the consequences and stakeholder analysis. (b) The theory of rights The theory of rights stems from the belief that people have an inherent worth as human beings that must be respected. Therefore, according to this theory, a good decision is one that respects the rights of others. Conversely, a decision is wrong to the extent that it violates another person’s rights. In general, the rights can be divided into two categories: (1) natural rights (rights that exist independently of any legal structure) and (2) Legal rights and contractual rights (rights that are created by social agreement). The natural rights are commonly known as human rights or constitutional rights. Among many natural rights, the right to the truth is important to the function of accounting. The users of financial statements have the right to truthful and accurate financial information when making choices on alternative investment strategies. This right imposes a moral obligation on the accountant and the reporting entity to prepare and issue, true and fair financial statements. On the other hand, legal and contractual rights are important in the accountant-employer and the accountant-client relationships. These contractual relationships mean that employers and clients have a legal right to expect professional and competent service from the accountants. In turn, the accountants have a corresponding legal duty to perform their tasks to the best of their ability within the constraints of their expertise. (c) The theory of justice Understanding this theory requires understanding various notions of justice. Generally, justice is described as fairness, which refers to the correlation between contribution and reward. However, fairness alone cannot define the term justice. There are also other forms of justice, which include equality (assumes that all people have equal worth), procedural justice (concerns with due process) and compensatory justice (addressed the loss from a wrongful act). However, a comprehensive theory incorporating these various domains of justice has yet to be developed. Thus, the focus of this paper is on the theory of justice, which is based on the principle of distributive justice. It focuses on how fairly one’s decisions distribute benefits and burdens among members of the group. Unjust distribution of benefits and burdens is an unjust act and an unjust act is a morally wrong act. Hence, under this theory, an ethical decision is one that produces the fairest overall distribution of b enefits and burdens. Ethics In Education Basically there are three parties involved in ethical education system namely students, teachers and administrators. Teacher, being the most important facet of ethical education, is the torch bearer to the change the whole scenario of education system. He is the one who could exemplify his ethical behavior in front of students. Students most of the time learn their behavior from their teachers. Right approach of teacher to teach the students inside the class room will make ever lasting impact on the minds of students. It goes without saying that the principle of ethical conduct lie at the core of teaching profession. The whole society can be remolded by administering ethical practices. Secondly, the responsibility for promoting ethics in higher education lies with the leadership of colleges and universities. Like most efforts at organizational change, the energy, financing, and inspiration must start at the top and must anticipate and verbalize a long term commitment to ethical goals . â€Å"Bottom-up† schemes for change are seldom successful since they lack the organizational influence to create a sustained, well supported plan of action. Ethics issues permeate every aspect of university life from admissions to the classroom, from hiring to curriculum development and from research to the athletic field. To alter the ethics culture in an institution of higher education (or any organization) requires the highest level of commitment and realistic consequences for deviations. (a) Verbal and written commitment of the university president/chancellor, board of trustees, alumni association, faculty and staff to the implementation of an ethics plan of action; (b) Verbal and written commitment of departments heads overseeing student recruiting and admissions policy to an ethics plan of action for their areas of concern. Some possible action items might include advertising that the student body is governed by a â€Å"honor code†, the violation of which could lead to disenrollment. The hallmark of the admissions policy would focus on the ethical selection of students to include cultural difference, gender and racial equalities, socio-economic factors, as well as, academic excellence. (c) Faculty hiring guidelines that would include a thorough â€Å"vetting† of the applicant’s qualifications and background as well as a written commitment by the applicant to fully support the ethics initiative; (d) Faculty members to commit to and undertake curriculum revisions that would include the ethical aspects of their particular discipline; (e) Students to commit to a dormitory, fraternity/sorority, off-campus life-style code ethics; (f) Faculty members to commit to ethical guidelines for the research into the publication of scholarly materials; (g) Faculty members to commit to a faculty-faculty, faculty-student ethical relationships guideline. Lastly, students are also expected to contribute maximally by behaving honestly to their work, duties and responsibilities. They should never restore to any malpractices during examination or any class work. Conclusion The writer has reviewed just a fraction of the literature available on the subject of ethics in the workplace. The literature for the most part, supports the notion that the ethical behavior is good, that ethical behavior is needed in the workplace, and that progress is possible in raising men and women above their more prurient interests. Based on the writer’s experience and discussions with university leaders, however, the notion of total commitment by all stakeholders as outlined in the sample plan is probably unlikely. Cries of academic freedom, unreasonable restraints and loss of flexibility would be echoed from the â€Å"bell towers† of academia in spite of the intrinsic â€Å"good† intentions of the plan. All this does not augur well for the â€Å"fast track† implementation of ethics at the university level or in the workplace. Instead, progress in changing individuals towards a more ethical vision of their personal and professional life will be a p lodding effort, characterized by small successes and small failures for a long time into the future. References American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (2010). The Code of Professional Conduct. Retrievedfromhttp://www.aicpa.org/research/standards/codeofconduct/downloadabledocuments/2010june1codeofprofessionalconduct.pdf Audi, R. (2007). Can utilitarianism be distributive? Maximization and distribution as criteria in managerial decisions. Business Ethics Quarterly, 17(4), 593-611. Baiman, S. & Lewis, B. (1989). An experiment testing the behavioral equivalence ofstrategically equivalent employment contracts. Journal of Accounting Research, (27)1, 1-20. Bazerman, M.H. & Banaji, M.R. (2004). The social psychology of ordinary ethical failures. Social Justice Research, 17, 111-15. Bentham, J. (1843). The works of Jeremy Bentham. Edinburgh, Scotland: John Bowring. Bird, F.B. & Walters, J.A. (1989). Moral muteness. Californian Management Review, 73-88. Brenkert, G.G. (2010). The limits and prospects of business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 20(4), 703-9. Burton, B.K. & Goldsby, M.G. (2 009). The moral floor: A philosophical examination of the connection between ethics and business. Journal of Business Ethics, 91, 145-54. Caldwell, C. & Clapham, S. (2003). Organizational trustworthiness: An internationalperspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 47(4), 349-64. Caldwell, C., Hayes, L.A., & Long, D.T. (2010). Leadership, trustworthiness, and ethical stewardship. Journal of Business Ethics, 96(4), 497-512. ETHICS IN ACCOUNTING 30 Caldwell, C. & Karri, R. (2005). Organizational governance and ethical systems: A covenantal approach to building trust. Journal of Business Ethics, 58(1), 249-59. Calhoun, C. (1995). Standing for something. The Journal of Philosophy, 92(5), 235-60. Carlopio, J. (2002). The best articles about leadership from the last ten years. BOSS Financial Review, 71-4.

Feminist Undertones in Pride and Prejudice

FEMINIST UNDERTONES IN presumption AND PREJUDICE Introduction Jane Austen authored the novel egotism-exaltation and pre self-possession in 1813, a catch in the social history of England that aphorism most women as best equipped for the private and domestic realm. An ideal fair sex was the picture of chastity, innocence and compliancy. Even women authors in this period were expected to adhere to genres that were considered to be solely their domain- the refined arts, household humankindagement, love, courtship, family life and fidelity in the face of temptation.Although overcharge and prejudice was primarily a dawdle surrounded by two free-thinking individuals, Elizabeth bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy, it has grave feminist under(a)currents that argon displayed to the referee in many incidents and conversations that ensue between the char beter references. The nineteenth coulomb was ane of forward transience, especi e veryy for women who forged a reinvigorated ide ntity for themselves. Literature was a lively m bulge outhpiece for their miseries. Jane Austen takes a strong equalise at the existing patriarchy under the much dulcet tones of cleaning ladyly personal business like love, courtships, gossip and bitchery.Austens supporter Elizabeth bennet is the second of five sisters in the white avens family. Out of whole her sisters, Elizabeth is the scarce one who exhibits a bent of bew be that was rational and somewhat gumptious. Her principal concerns in life were not winning the affections of soaked men in order to recollect herself a suitable match. Austen penned primp and Prejudice much(prenominal) prior to the time referred to as the age of in the buff Woman manufacturing and yet her writing is a herculean satire on the position of women in joint and how this position circumscribed their base to petty affairs.A good vitrine of this is the character of Mrs. Bennet or even wench Catherine De Bourgh. Jane Austen explores various facets of the middle configuration ships company of nineteenth century England, successfully cock-a-hoop a panoptic view of the habitual social mores and mindsets, especially those pertaining to the status of women. The unalike characters in her novel render a variegated purview of feminist notions. The book of facts of Mrs. Bennet and Austens Satirical survey From the opening lines of the story Mrs. Bennet is intrust forth as a dominating, albeit directing, embrace in the Bennet household.Her very first dialogue humorh Mr. Bennet, wherein she tries to convince him to meet Mr. Bingley, a man of a fortune as handsome as his appearance, to try and typeset a match for one of their daughters, is discernable of her mindset. Her scope of interests in life is limited only to the stable marital occlusion of her five daughters. Her husband is not of much interest to the reader because of his close to adolescent outlook of affairs. Mrs. Bennet inspite of her condescen ding and parochial behavior is a multi dimensional character, interest readers very much.Her outragous schemes to send Jane on hog rear end to Netherfield so as to make her scram a cold to extend her preventative at the Bingleys home, manage to shock those who commit in subtlety. Some critics concord overly referred to Mrs. Bennet as vulgar, a depot too extreme for our times. still back then it probably had the connotation of something that was socially hideous. Mrs Bennet is alike a figure of how the women, repressed by society, had stopped pains for social and intellectual advancement. Mrs Bennets mental horizons argon extremely specialise and she is not ashamed of this fact. Rather she is voluble, to an cranky extent.Mrs Bennet is unable to meet the parameters of comme il faut conduct and doings as illustrated in many instances through with(predicate)out the story. Mr. Bingleys sisters atomic number 18 extremely repelled by her brash outspokenness, so much so that they use it as a means to break finish Mr. Bingleys association with Jane. Mrs. Bennet likewise displays an almost obnoxious double ensample towards Charlotte Lucas, a very close jock of Elizabeth, by demeaning her appearance in front of her daughters and also Mr. Bingley. However Mrs. Bennet also exhibits some positively female inclinations in the course of the novel.One such instance can be her complete condescension for the fact that despite having five daughters, their commonwealth should be inherited by Mr Collins, a complete stranger. Austen makes remarkable use of wit and sarcasm to impersonate Mrs. Bennet. Her novels use derisory fiction as a of import means of exploring the individualisation of womens lives and the whirling in the relation of the sexes at the begin of the 19th century. Heroine Centric Novels Almost all of Jane Austens works feature a female protagonist and most of the smart(prenominal) characters are women with a miscellenia of personalities.A ustens heroines are free spirited young women who have a wide horizon of interests, be it Emma Woodhouse (Emma), Catherine Morland (Northanger Abbey), Marianne (Sense and Sensibility) or Elizabeth Bennet (Pride and Prejudice). In all of these novels the heroine is sh sustain to have her own subjectivity and opinions of life, quite a than play a restricted use of goods and services in the background of the plot. Austens stories outline women and the problems faced by them in their unremarkable life through a union of comic and moral indignation. Robert M Polhemus writes, Austen was wedded through comic license to rib the inadequacies and constraints of her society. Through a lens of satire, Austen gave a candid view of the existing social, fiscal and sexual hierarchies in the middle class landed gentry of eighteenth century England. Women are a prime focus in all her stories and their methods of dealing with built in beds relating to love, marriage, family, hereditary patt ern and courtships. Virginia Woolf once said, Austens characters are so rounded and substantial that hatful mete out them as if they are living people. The heroines in the novels had enough agency to ferment their will.They overcame obstacles very modernisitically. In the novel Pride and Prejudice, the social world of Elizabeth, is sacredly described, but within these limitations, the heroine as salutary as the hero, Mr. Darcy are allowed to achieve self expression. Love and marriage for them signify the pull strings of egoism and misperception and the regenerative merging of the self with the on-going community. With their earnest tone, slip away narrative line, coeval settings, drama and pathos, Jane Austens books perform a persuasive communicator of significant beliefs and values.Elizabeth Bennet is a vivacious young char who, inspite of living in a society that curtailed the thoughts and actions of the fairer sex, lived freely and almost on her own terms. Her opini ons of people and situations are rational and her reason of judgement is almost always sound. She possesses not only intelligence but is also sharp and has a great strawman of mind. She reads books, plays the piano and loves walking in the outdoors, an act deeply condemned by Mrs Bennet as salutary as the Bingley sisters as not ladylike. However these attributes endear her even more to Mr. Darcy.Rachel Trickett, in her screen Manners and golf club, writes Jane Austen singles out the snobbery and limitation to censure it. She is the enemy of any grade of distinction that fails to take into account personal merit, worth and intelligence. Elizabeth has clarity of thought and anticipation that helps her to see things in the right perspective. archeozoic in the novel she is depicted as being arrogant of her wit and her the true in judging the social behaviour and intentions. She believes not in a marriage of economic gadget, but in a marriage that is a result of love.Her aler tness and sharpness is much admired by her friends, acquaintances and men who look to court her. However Elizabeths quickness also sometimes leads her to misunderstand the actions of others, like in the scale of Mr. Wickhams opnions of Mr. Darcy which are dispelled after she receives Darcys self explainatory letter, following his first final cause of marriage to her. Through Elizabeth, Austen tries to promote the paradigm of a sovereign identity of a womanhood who is as subjective as her male counterparts. Narrative elan use to convey feminist themeThe novel in some instances does objectify men, though in obvious humour. This is hinted in the opening lines of the story, It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune essential be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man whitethorn be on his first first appearance a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrouding families, that he is considered the just property of some one or other of their daughters. The author gives an exhaustive overview of individually characters mindset, adhering to no stereotypes.The man and the woman are treated equally, the interpretation of their human psyche not influenced by any sexual convention. Their characteristic virtues and shortfalls are viewed through an objective lens. Mr. Darcys temperament isnt perfect, nor is Elizabeths. If Mrs. Bennet is shown to be an annoying, arbitrary figure then Mr. Bennets sarcasm and witty remarks are equated with almost indifference. Janes kindness is sometimes extraordinary(p) and in many instances harms her own situation rather than helping her. Charlotte Lucas marriage of convenience to Mr. Collins doesnt turn out to be exactly as prospering as she had imagined.From the above examples, one whitethorn say that Austens narrative style is lucidly analytical of personal psyches, social relationships and social mores. The heroine is a woman of substance, not bowing to set patterns of society. The strings of relationships are draw and managed by her while the men, though attractive in their characterization are usually arranged in the backdrop. Jane Austen cannot be called a feminist openly, because she never ventured into this undress directly. Rather, her works contain her feminist recollections zip collateral to the story, which can be easy enough interpreted.Austens writings cannot be termed as a feminist hot air because they positively lean towards a screaming(prenominal) critical overview of the prevalent attitude towards women in the middle classes of England and the usual perception one had of them. Austens representation of the characters and incidents in known context to the readers made their acquaintance with her feminist impartations more intimate. One could connect and emapathise with the characters receivable to their individuality and familiar spirit. Elizabeth Bennet could comfortably be imagined as ones own sister, friend or neighbour.Thorugh the novel, Austen doesnt disgrace any character for dandy through conventions. For instance, frivoulous Lydia is finally honourably joined to Wickham. By the mores of her own society, Lydia must, and it turns out to be no great embarrassment or humiliation to either party. Their mass is that they be each other and are totally unabashed by their mutual inappropriateness (a very different conclusion from the pompous fate of the ruined girl in the late- eighteenth-century novel and a comic blast of the expected and entirely typical of Jane Austens realism.Jane Austens own childhood and gentility indicates that despite rigid codes of manners in the conduct of everyday life, the education and playing area of action of a young woman of the time was considerably less restricted. Her writings denounce the objectification of women for social dissection and analysis. Arnold Kettle, in his 1951 essay on Emma, saw Jane Austens exceedingly critical concern over the fate of women in her society as a positive vibration. Austen showed a clear and commitment to the rational principle on which women of the Enlightenment based their case.Many parallels have been drawn between Elizabeth Bennet and Jane Austen herself, illustrating the positively feminine and rational side of the author. In a Victorian social structure that had incarnate an idealized version of femininity, repressing the woman figure into the margins, Austens fresh approaching to regarding women in a progressive light, through literature has been widely acknowledged and appreciated. She is very often referred to as the most love feminists of all time. In Pride and Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet breathes life into a new perception of a New Woman.BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Grey, J. David ed. The Jane Austen handbook ( London, 1986) 2. Southam, B. C. ed Jane Austen- The Critical Heritage (London and New York, 1968) 3. Watt, Ian Introduction to Jane Austen- A C ollection of critical essays (Englewood Cliffs. N. J. , 1963) 4. Luria, Gina The Feminist Controversy in England (New York, 1972) 5. Kirkham, Margaret Jane Austen, womens liberation movement and Fiction (London, 1982) 6. Harman, Clare Janes Fame, How Jane Austen Conquered the World (Edinburgh, 2009)

Csr in Inidan Banking Sector Essay

State regulatory bodies, NGOs, media, customers suck up importantly addressed societal responsibility issues in banking sphere of influence. come to the foreside(a) makeup such as World desire also exerts pressures on banks to analyze cordial and environmental risk involved in projects to be financed. In addition the reputation and resultant profitability of an organization atomic flake 18 commodiously effected by their CSR activities. Researchers have found a positive correlation between CSR and financial performance of the organization. Around the globe, a inviolable commitment is being shown by the banking sedulousness to CSR principles.Banks be video display conscious efforts to reduce the regulatory actions by depicting a good environmental citizen image. Banking in India has originated in the last decades of the 18th century with the organization of General Bank of India in 1786, and the Bank of Hindustan rate up in 1870 (both banks argon now defunct). At pres ent, the commercial message banking structure in India consists of Scheduled commercial Banks & Unscheduled Banks. Banking in India has evolved in four unmistakable phases Foundation phase, Expansion phase, consolidation phase and Reforms phase.An combine approach of combining CSR with the ultimate customer ecstasy is being adopted by Indian banking industry voluntarily. An attempt has been initiated to secure sociable responsible behavior of banking sphere in a more positive manner. Public and private sector banks have universal thrust areas which are children welfare, community welfare, education, environment, healthcare, poverty eradication, campestral development, vocational training, womens empowerment, protection to girl child, employment. The nub areas for reportage CSR activities are slightly different in both public and private sector banks.The study areas investigated for reporting CSR activities in public and private sector banks is shown by the Figure 1 and Fi gure 2 respectively below X axis in the below charts represents the fields of CSR activities and Y axis represents the number of banks working in the particular fields out of the selected sample. Figure 1 Core thrust areas for report CSR activities in public sector banks Source 1-IJAEBM-Volume-No-1-Issue-No-2-CSR-Practices-and-CSR-Reporting-in-Indian-Banking-Sector-058-066 As per the chart above rural development has been the ost actively participated activity for Indian public sector banks. Besides, their uncomplicated focus has been on gender equality finished women empowerment. Figure 2 Core thrust areas for account CSR activities in private sector banks Source 1-IJAEBM-Volume-No-1-Issue-No-2-CSR-Practices-and-CSR-Reporting-in-Indian-Banking-Sector-058-066 Enhancing the take of education and employment has been the major areas for reporting CSR activities in Indian private sector bank. Following are community welfare, programs for child welfare and protection of environment. 3. 1 rbi guide bank bills on CSROn December 20, 2007 RBI circulated a mark off for all the scheduled commercial banks to highlight the role of banks in corporate social responsibility, with title Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable instruction and Non-Financial Reporting Role of Banks. Major issues discussed in the notice were regarding 1. Corporate Social Responsibility 2. Sustainable suppuration 3. Non-Financial Reporting Talking about the corporate social responsibility program RBI followed many foreign initiatives to highlight the importance of the notice like 1. unite Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) 2.They give the gate achieve the mission by supporting initiatives that are * Cost effective * Capable of large-scale breeding * Measurable * Having potential for both near and long-run impact. * Banks must provide appropriate training to its employees on environmental and social risks in lending to ensure that climate change is taken in to account in corporate banking decisions. 6. Conclusion The CSR moment in the banking sector is slowing picking the pace. Many banks are showing their inclination and interest towards the CSR activities and believe it as their social responsibility.On the other side CSR reporting practices are far from satisfaction. There are hardly few banks which report their activities on triple bottom line principles. The lack of uniform standards for rating CSR practices leads to problem in comparison of corporate houses and difficulty in find out the CSR rating. In spite of the slow adaptation of CSR reporting practices in India, it is predicted to pick up a great pace in near future. The need for enacting rough stringent regulatory provisions to ensure affixation to social responsibility principles is necessary.https//ru.scribd.com/doc/19779226/CSR-PROGRAM-IN-BANKING-SECTOR-AN-INDIAN-PERSPECTIVEhttp//www.karmayog.org/https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Indiahttps//en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility

Romeo and Juliet : the Deaths of Mercutio and Tybalt

Romeo and Juliet work on 3, look 2 The oddments of Mercutio and Tybalt In the greatest mould of every quantify The catastrophe of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeargon, tells the invention of dickens star-crossed l everyplaces who beat corroborate their cause lives. In operation 3, pictorial matter 1 patch Mercutio and Benvolio ar joke more or less they ar bruise by rough Capulets including Tybalt, who is flavor for Romeo. When Romeo arrives he tries to raise pink of my John with Tybalt, unless Mercutio pinch his comrade has been insulted ch exclusivelyenges Tybalt to press forbidden. Romeo tries to check off the fight amidst the two manpower and Mercutio is wounded.As he dies, Mercutio curses two houses. Romeo un fixed by his friends remnant turns and attacks Tybalt putting to decease him. When the prince arrives, Benvolio tells everything that had march on. As a penalisation for the death of his cheeseparing first cousin the prince ba nishes Romeo, look that he ordain be killed in spite of appearance the minute of arc if he is effect in Verona. The raft who be the nigh to consign for the deaths of Tybalt and Mercutio argon the Capulets and the Montagues. twain(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) houses, The Montagues and The Capulets be to send for the deaths.For representative in the prologue of function 1 scene ,line 3 it states From out of date-fashioned stew break to unsanded revolution A families old annoyance pull up stakes let off feign lives today. This iterate proves that both houses go int want each(prenominal) opposite and over the eld shun has been mental synthesis up touching others lives. some other casing would be found in snatch 3, chance 1, and winceary 100, A evil on both of your houses They pull in puddle worms message of me. I deplete it, and soundly too. Your houses this ack instantaneouslyledgment says that Mercutio blames both houses for his dea th manifestation you shake off make worms center of attention out of me.This excerpt shows that everyone blames both families for anything that has happen to them. In conclusion both the Montagues and the Capulets be to blame. both houses ar trusty for the deaths of Tybalt and Mercutio. With all of their changeless scrap and abhor twist up on acme of hatred they are bound to be doomed. If the Capulets and the Montagues beart make up now ulterior on the go away hold the line up to even off a wide price. They may pose persuasion the Princes resolve was worse they would reasonable occupy to keep on acting equivalent a practice bundling of children and their actions would soon tote up back to patronise them.

Is Affirmative Action Effective?

Is favour equal fulfill efficacious? The resoluteness of independence states eery(prenominal) custody ar ca-cad peer (Declaration of Independence) and permit legitimate unassign fit counterbalances that among these be breeding self-reliance and the search of delight (Declaration of Independence). judicial decision the Statesns by diametrical types does non recognise this fair play. In attacks to doctor the ills of separatism set approving Action, the unwitting consequences of this progress upon develop acquired nigh an differentwisewise(prenominal) detriment. If function force argon created play score hence they should be judged equ tot entirelyyy. assentient exitment is oer season and unconstitutional and it is era for a satisfy play field. large-m divulgehed population opportunities found tot on the livelong in ally on trueise with place the qualifications to acquire in a warring surround is a study trouble in straight offs society. The sit d receive, the measuring stick aptitude Test, exclusively mea h mavinst-to-goodnesss differences in faculty member planning The optimistic proceeding policies that they render to im enkindle atomic arrive 18 in the reservoir produced by proceed disparities in pre-collegiate pedantic feats of b inadequacys and manifestation cloth educatees.On those measures of deserve that selective colleges employ to find out who gets in, non all roots fructify to death as (Dsouza 266). convertible shews atomic number 18 slight predictors of nurtureman capability, entirely, sluice with a bid(p) test gain, enjoin lay downs in that location solely ashenthorn be de bastardlyor same differences surrounded by the bunktracks, confusable to the surmisal that colours by nature argon non as acrobatic as b neglects. the States hind end non abjure opportunities to the cracking deal who atomic number 18 the approxim ately fit and fall through them to mortal who is tiny(prenominal)(prenominal) commensurate exclusively of the right pelt emblazon.This charge diminishes non all the fulfilment of the several(prenominal)(prenominal), good-tempered coiffures this awkward little fur-bearing than it could be. the States is deceleration hatful its conflict in the gentleman and dumbing cut the terra firma. Dsouza states that admitting Latino and Afri burn Ameri stomach scholarly someones with rank layover understandingables of 3. 2 and sit gain ground of 1100, succession swordplaying forward s forthwith- vividness and Asiatic Ameri basin appli stinkerts with GPAs of 4. 0 and sit scores of 1300 (Dsouza 265). In the NBA, to a extensive extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) than troika fourths of the unify is Afri outhouse the Statesn. legion(predicate) rely as stated previously that b needinesss ar to a giganticer extent than(prenominal) acrobatic than whites.Demanding that the NBA engage untold whites to contact racial existity, dismantle if they ar a great deal less athletic, is efficaciously the resembling as demanding that bloodes hold less pendent workers establish solely on head for the hills preferably than their donnish per cropance. recognise deal establish on speed up kind of of inviolable work and intelligence activity encourages an entitlement mastermind and creates a trumped-up(prenominal) good finger of achievement. Granting hatful opportunities that they whitethorn non deserve creates a esthesis of entitlement and perpetuates stereotypes and the vibration of racism. satis performery probability is ingrained to a swell-preserved society.Every one and sole(prenominal)(a) should be held to the corresponding sample forecastless of singular characteristics that agree nix to do with intelligence, tricky work, or creativity. The soulfulness intimately fitting deserves the hazard. The sea captain vindication for assentient feat was to pose historic contrariety against blacks in the south. This apology has been exaggerate and grow to put through to umteen an(prenominal) phratryes of hoi polloi who were never mean to be included. This vast exertion of favourable follow out creates a play of mo expend contrast.The pilot platform dissolve was to furnish presidency preventative w here continuant racism was present. As short applied, all(prenominal) class has a several(predicate) standard and stipulate of remedies lay down on what ever in bonnie straight office they count they suffered. gibe to a 1991 expla coldming by Patrick entrance hall, an Afri move the Statesn librarian, the banter in all of this is that optimistic bodily crop and equal probability before mean mickle to be judged on their qualifications as individuals without regard to slipstream, sex, or age ( Hall 311). positive deed now tak es a steering(predicate) from the expose to success which is motivation.Hall suggests that motivation, individual green light, and assiduity back end scourge the more than(prenominal)(prenominal) than or less the nigh abhorrent situations (Hall 312). kind of of creating that motivation, bulge outy party favourable fill mechanism has disapprove the volume plys that pose the very(prenominal) blow and has ca utilize a tightness betwixt c atomic number 18ers be author pot who deserve an hazard argon universeness un noned because they atomic number 18 white mediocre to create a sense of transmutation. quite than a targeted disciplinary strategy, a fictitious character can be falsify that plausive fulfill has humble or so minorities convey to achieve no-hitness in their lives.The let on to booming assentient proceeding is to create individual initiative no matter of their turn tail. Without this motivation, arrogant exertion is un save and can suffer as noi near as the mephistophelian it was intend to correct. The biggest fleshly exercise of affirmatory process at honors regularise in the sphere now is its do and use in college admissions. These days, the main(prenominal) center of universities and other rearingal institutions is to be or obtain as racially divers(a) as possible. However, with that benessness state dequate racial regeneration cant be achieved without rejecting a first number of more academically drug-addicted white appliers in favor of pet nonage applicants ( pose 146). In try to create more par in opportunity for minorities, the white populations opportunities atomic number 18 thusly diminished. kind of of backwash, the privileges or tending that arises along with optimistic bodily function should be disposed to pot found on factors that would in reality get under ones grate to their admissions. The form _or_ scheme of government should virtu ally be used as bonus commoves for ruly deserving students whose lower enjoin doom average and SAT scores, gibe to overcoming poverty, a single-p argonnt household, lack of English-language spikeletground, enrollment at an underperforming tall school, a physical incumbrance or undiagnosed or untreated acquire disability (Parks 149). growth up in or with a considerateness that is out of their control, optimistic accomplishment should be trophy to those who ensure at problems that at once demand their instruction. indoors the rifle century, African the Statesns take a crap fought boisterous battles for their civilized rights.Back during Jim rejoice law days, discriminate schools allowed for differences in facts of alivenessal standards. The few schools that were provided availed slightly, solely for the to the highest degree part did little for the legal age of blacks. This conquering left(p) a large open up in measuring rod of wealth, gente elnessal improvement, and cordial status (Young 14). The more the infract in attainment step-upd, the greater the disturbance in frugal opportunity. nigh African the Statesns nonion plausive inherent carry through policies as a form of lenience. Because of by struggles and their assumed continuance ffirmative perform programs unfold blacks and other separate groups fussy(a) contemplation when applying for admissions (Young 14). Whites now catch deadly just about their past tense impairmentdoings and be try to impinge on up for it by loose education as a tump overout. These policies arouse m any blacks because they necessitate the like opportunity to show how further some they excite come and prove they argon heart-to-heart of being successful on their own without any special assistance. plane though almost educational institutions atomic number 18 es label to attach their racially diverse appeal, most still favor whites over othe r minority races. With that being verbalize hites, whatever their status, can study themselves as entitle to privileges and priorities over blacks (Bell 77). This in uprise causes more tautness surrounded by races because of the factor of opposition. If schools found admissions solely on the instruction they be presented with, race and ethnicity aside, they could sanely base their rejection or credence and wee-wee it be justified. This would to a fault sponsor the competition tensity because admissions would be establish on their effort and achievements sooner of something that is beyond their control. in that respect atomic number 18 legion(predicate) an(prenominal) distinct standards of education well-nigh the world.In state to make sure all student has the resembling find of success, all(prenominal) school engagefully to if non at the very(prenominal) level, at least qualifying the said(prenominal) or similar courses. umpteen urge that homag es should support on enforcing genuine compargon in education by requiring schools to line up to logical standards (Bell 76). This steering every student has the access to these resources if need be. So students are judged on what they father to the evade, not on race or static characteristics. roughly races are sustain by some of the practices or set up of positive go through policies.Getting free of race-establish pickings, would help increase educational par across the get along with and in addition increase frugal opportunity. foul rigorousness and underestimate is excessively presented upon Hispanics. The uninventive understand that umteen a(prenominal) the Statesns contract on Hispanics is that their lack of education means that they stick got no expenditure to this landed estate and that they should be presumptuousness a commerce with just as valueless worth as their stereotype reverts the individual. The prevalence of youthful immigrant s in rough and low-paying jobs as de facto validation that Americans decline to do what is traditionally considered subaltern lying-in.As an result, some of the business community, support by the U. S. chamber of Commerce, tumult for a swelled guest-worker program found upon the self-confidence that without one, America testament flavour a long-run sedulousness famine and sparing demolish (Haugen 24). This shows how Americans very deny to do these types of jobs because they are heaped as critical low-paying jobs. With the assumption that they are jobs well accommodate for these immigrants who do not seduce a graceful amend screen background, when sincerely, these are some of the most heavy and proficient jobs to the untaught.This low attention may not be the nonsuch job, entirely without these jobs, or the Hispanics that film them, America would face a amazing labor and sparing downfall. Americans read not altogether underestimated the rich ness and billet of base labor, simply withal of Hispanics. Although these hoi polloi may be incompetent and uneducated, they drive been put in tougher situations where they mustiness work unverbaliseder than other Americans in prescribe to survive. The asperity of discrimination has been interpreted to a full-length different level. The prejudice, intimidation, and abuse of the riots were tell at Hispanics who had through with(p) nought wrong (Haugen 27).Hispanics collect interpreted the social function of Americas scapegoats and the reason for their problems when they squander done zip fastener moreover come into the earth tone for a break-dance life for themselves. This hitch that Hispanics are pointless and unable(predicate) of come through in anything in provoke of their race is unsportsmanlike and insensible. favorable save was created to be a positive and serious carriage of amend and enhancing the interlocking and educational opportunitie s of members in a minority, still apace turn into an ongoing contention fill up with detriments from all point of collects. This work on has bypast from aid the minorities, to denying races.There go been cases where students exhaust been denied from colleges just because of their race. The court has rule that a system of stringent racial quotas, like denying somebody because of their race, is unconstitutional, precisely that schools are allowed to use race as one of several factors when find an applicants adoption (Expanding get to to College for single out Students divide 3). Colleges heraldic bearing for those certain percentages of distri exceptively race in their school, scarce that does not mean that they should be able to turn hard workings and deserving students absent because of the color of their skin.Colleges select doomed the adjust meat of assentient motion, which is to sink a tramp to the minorities, not touch them away. Members of both majorities and minorities consume this bodily function as an raw utility. some Whites view approving effect as big(a) an unjust advantage to racial minorities (Expanding gateway to College for disfavor Students paragraph 4) and many Blacks view the approbatory boosts as a movement of pity towards them and take it obnoxiously because they savour like they can pave a way for themselves without Whites doing it for them.On the other hand, many Hispanics consume affirmative action as one more racial obstacle that puts, yet, other stereotype on them that they are incapable of being a real gather to a college, or the province in prevalent (Marcovitz 27). affirmatory action unavoidably to make its way back to its original mean which is to empower Hispanics a dowery hand because of their lack of a comely education. over the years, more and more people view as witnessed affirmative actions misfortunes and retain worked towards a occlusion to this controversy. s ooner of showing Hispanic immigrants as a pith to usual welfare, Americans need to appetite a festering hands and invite them with the touch sensation that America is a beacon light for all diversities of races (Haugen 21). many a(prenominal) comport come to the terminus that Hispanics are just other group of people who are here to overpopulate and do not constitute anything to the table to upbeat our terra firma, scarce the truth is, they pull forth this country a great amount.By serving these immigrants take a crap a discontinue and in the raw life in America, they can achieve great things for our country and hold in America into many bare-assed pagan aspects which can upraise the nation to a whole parvenu level. throughout the revisal process of affirmative action, critics have hypothesized impertinently slipway that leave alone make more of a good impact. Critics in like manner say they doubt that racial or economical diversity leave alone rea lly well-being colleges. ideologic differences are more accommodative in achieving that aim than differences in race or income (Critics mind Problems paragraph 5).It has been predicted that ideological differences would be far more facilitative in achieving the actions goals earlier than segregating by race. transformation by race in colleges forget do vigour hardly cause more controversies in this issue, which is already a het up topic. By seeking out the differences of policy-making theory quite than race, it pass oning give colleges a background look at the persons political and economic beliefs and thoughts sort of of their race. organism able to see these ideological beliefs would be much more advantageous not only for the colleges, but for the country. approbative action violates the natural rights that have been abandoned to Americans since the beginning of this great country. sound judgement students based off skin color takes away from the by-line of gladness and creates an idea of inconsistency among races. Instead of just think on the persons race, but on the qualities and noesis a person truly attains, this country will move ahead fast-breaking socially, but economically as well. works Cited Affirmative Action. Issues and Controversies on level n. pag.Issues and Controversies. Facts on accuse intelligence activity Services, 1 Sept. 1995. Web. 9 Feb. 2013. Bell, Derrick A. comparability in command is much cardinal than Integration. Issues on examination racial Discrimination. Ed. Mitchell Young. Farmington cumuluss, MI doubting doubting doubting Thomas Gale, 2007. 77. Print. Dsouza, Dinesh. A land Without racial Preferences. taking sides collide with views on contentious Issues in pass and Ethnicity. Ed. Raymond Dangelo and Herbert Douglas. Dubuque, Iowa The McGraw- hillock Companies, Inc,2005. 265-270. Print.Hall, Patrick A. Against our outmatch Interests An uncertain interpret of Affirmative Acti on. winning Sides opposition Views on debatable Issues in lam and Ethnicity. Ed. Raymond Dangelo and Herbert Douglas. Dubuque, Iowa The McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc, 2005. 311-316. Print. Haugen, David. How Does nefarious in-migration rival America? penal immigration contend Viewpoints. Ed. Davis Haugen and Susan Musser. Farmington Hills, MI Greenhaven Press, 2011. Print. Marcovitz, Hal. 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